Abstract: Provided herein are 6-carboxylic acids of benzimidazoles and 4-aza-, 5-aza-, and 7-aza-benzimidazoles as GLP-1R agonists, processes to make said compounds, and methods comprising administering said compounds to a mammal in need thereof.

Abstract: An apparatus for verification of target software loaded in a target computer. The apparatus includes communication and monitoring circuits inserted in the target computer and in a host computer which is programmed to direct operation of target software tests through the communication and monitoring circuits. The communication and monitoring circuits transmit external stimuli to the target software in a non-intrusive manner by, for example, keyboard simulation. The communication and monitoring circuits also capture target software output data for comparison with reference data stored in the host computer. Both of these operations are carried out in a non-intrusive manner in hardware, (the communication and monitoring circuits). The external stimuli including test instructions may be either recorded in a manual recording session or may be generated in the host computer. Similarly, the target software output reference data may be either generated in the host computer or recorded in a manual session.