Abstract: System and apparatus for pulse oximetry. Systems, methods, and devices are presented for placement of the hardware on a body part where detracting signals are strong. In one example, detracting signals include signals from respiration. In various examples, the body part the oximeter is placed on is a wrist, chest, or arm. A computationally efficient pipeline is presented that allows for reliable and robust SpO2 estimation.

Abstract: A method of verifying proper functionalization of a sensor and a negative test result obtained by exposing a sensing element functionalized to detect a target analyte to a test sample is described. The method may include, subsequent to or simultaneously with the exposing the sensing element to the test sample, exposing the sensing element to a test confirmation sample, the test confirmation sample comprising at least one of the target analyte in an amount greater than a detection limit of the sensing element and a recombinant protein of the target analyte in an amount greater than a detection limit of the sensing element and performing a measurement using the sensing element to obtain a subsequent test result.