Abstract: A vehicle frame structure provides a large protected cavity. Lateral energy management zones absorb impact energy on the sides of the protected cavity, and forward and rearward energy management zones absorb impact energy forward and rearward of the protected cavity. In an exemplary embodiment, the frame is characterized by dual load paths along the protected cavity and by graduated front and rear energy management zones.

Abstract: A low-profile and versatile battery-retaining assembly used to secure a plurality of batteries for an electric vehicle. The batteries are arranged in close proximity to one another in a generally rectangular matrix of two or more and each has recessed hold-down portions located on opposite lower edges. A perimeter frame extends about the battery arrangement and includes vertical and horizontal edge portions. Elongated retainer members extend between the batteries, each having enlarged portions which project into the recessed hold-down portions of the batteries. The elongated retainer members engage the frame with their ends extending into elongated slots which permits self adjustment with respect to the position relative the frame ends. This automatically accommodates variations in battery dimension.