Abstract: The reducer device comprises a tubular housing having end caps and having an inlet and outlet end. An inlet barb is mounted on the end cap at the inlet of the housing and adapted to sealingly connect with a supply line. An outlet barb is mounted on the end cap at the outlet end of the housing and adapted to sealingly connect with a delivery line. A primary spiral tube extends axially within the tubular housing from the inlet end to the outlet end. An inlet tube is connected to the inlet barb and extends through the spiral of the primary spiral tube integrally joining with the outlet end of the primary spiral tube. An outlet tube is connected to the outlet barb and extends through the spiral of the primary spiral tube integrally joining with the inlet end of the primary spiral tube. Upon closing the end caps on the housing, the ends of the primary spiral tube are urged apart.

Abstract: A nonpermselective porous membrane sheet, which comprises a natural or synthetic fiber material substrate having coated thereon a mixture of a plastic binder material and a non-ion exchangeable filler material, said membrane being capable of transmitting negatively and positively charged ions between the electrodes in an electrodeposition painting operation and at the same time capable of preventing backflow of the electrolytes between the electrode chambers.

Abstract: A nonpermselective porous membrane sheet, which comprises a natural or synthetic fiber material substrate having coated thereon a mixture of a plastic binder material and a non-ion exchangeable filler material, said membrane being capable of transmitting negatively and positively charged ions between the electrodes in an electrodeposition painting operation and at the same time capable of preventing backflow of the electrolytes between the electrode chambers.