Abstract: A novel double block and double bleed stream switching system includes a common stream path for a multitude of fluid streams from, for example, a process pipeline. The common stream path includes a blocking port and a bleed port, and connects to at least one sample shut off. Preferably, the common stream path and sample shut off are shallow channels machined in a multi-layered block, with integrated pistons and ports controlling the flow from each stream and through the stream switching system.

Abstract: A probe chromatograph apparatus and method is provided which engages directly the process stream from which the sample is taken. The probe chromatograph apparatus is a simple, miniaturized chromatograph installed directly into the source pipeline or vessel. An analyzer mechanism extends through a pipe nipple into the fluid flow from which the sample is drawn. A sampling mechanism transfers a fixed volume of sample into the probe chromatograph apparatus. Means for separating the sample into its constituents is provided, and a detector is provided for sensing and measuring the quantity of the respective constituents.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the reflectivity of a product for use in optical sorting machines that is tolerant of background and product trajectory variations. The apparatus computes the percent of the viewing frame filled by the product at any instant as well as the reflectivity of the background when no product is present. The reflectivity at selected wavelengths from selected perspectives is computed for a product as the product passes a viewing frame by correcting for frame fill and background factors. Given an estimate of product velocity, product size may also be estimated.

Abstract: A normalizer for a machine sorting individual items from a stream flowing in a channel having a background with reflectivity characteristics substantially identical to reflectivity characteristics of acceptable items. A photodetector produces an output which is amplified in three stages of amplification, dc coupled together, the second stage having an input adjustment for producing a zero voltage output for channel background reflectivity only. The output used for sorting purposes includes both positive and negative peaks. However, to prevent such peaks from greatly influencing normalizing action, the output of the second stage is applied through a limiter, which substantially clips both the positive and the negative peaks, to an integrator, which produces an average reference input voltage to the operational amplifier.

Abstract: An electronic roll-a-long switch for use in a seismic exploration system and method of seismic exploration are disclosed. For a group of N sequentially numbered receiver points, N/2 input channels are provided. Each input channel receives input from one of two receiver points which are spaced N/2 receiver points apart. The input channels are multiplexed to a data bus in an order corresponding to the sequential numbers of the receiver points comprising the input channels.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for determining the location of a break in a pair of wires of a multi-wire cable are disclosed. The method and apparatus permit such breaks to be found with a high degree of accuracy. The method and apparatus are especially useful in connection with locating breaks in seismic cables.