Abstract: An improved filter arrangement solves problems associated with dislodging the filter from a support basket at change-out when intimate contact between the filter and basket is no longer desirable. An elastomeric end cap is bonded to the distal end of the filtering medium. The end cap has a circular, outer perimeter defining a diameter less than the inner diameter of the filter basket. The end cap is dome shaped, such that when the filtering element is inserted into the filter basket with the end cap positioned adjacent the bottom of the filter basket, the end cap assumes a pressurized state when a fluid entering the filtering element applies pressure to the end cap, causing the outer perimeter of the end cap to expand radially outwardly, and a non-pressurized state wherein the outer perimeter of the end cap contracts, facilitating an easier removal of the element from the basket.

Abstract: An improved filter arrangement solves problems associated with dislodging the filter from a support basket at change-out when intimate contact between the filter and basket is no longer desirable. An elastomeric end cap is bonded to the distal end of the filtering medium. The end cap has a circular, outer perimeter defining a diameter less than the inner diameter of the filter basket. The end cap is dome shaped, such that when the filtering element is inserted into the filter basket with the end cap positioned adjacent the bottom of the filter basket, the end cap assumes a pressurized state when a fluid entering the filtering element applies pressure to the end cap, causing the outer perimeter of the end cap to expand radially outwardly, and a non-pressurized state wherein the outer perimeter of the end cap contracts, facilitating an easier removal of the element from the basket.

Abstract: A reliable, cost effective system and method are disclosed for exchanging fluid-filtration filters associated with electrical discharge machines (EDMs) and other applications. The basic system comprises a housing to receive the filter, the housing having a top that opens and a bottom cap with an interior inlet fitting coupled to a supply line carrying fluid to be filtered. A pair of opposing swing arms, each having one end pivotally connected to a filter cabinet or other suitable base and another end pivotally connected to an opposing side of the housing, facilitate a first state, wherein the housing and filter are vertically oriented with the bottom opening of the filter sealed against the fitting for filtering operation, and a second state, wherein the housing is pivoted such that the top is oriented downwardly allowing the filter to disengage from the fitting and slide out of the housing.

Abstract: A reliable, cost effective system and method are disclosed for exchanging fluid-filtration filters associated with electrical discharge machines (EDMs) and other applications. The system is compatible with filters of the type receiving fluid to be filtered from the inside out. The basic system comprises a housing to receive the filter, the housing having a top that opens and a bottom cap with an interior inlet fitting coupled to a supply line carrying fluid to be filtered. A pair of opposing swing arms, each having one end pivotally connected to a filter cabinet or other suitable base and another end pivotally connected to an opposing side of the housing, facilitate a first state, wherein the housing and filter are vertically oriented with the bottom opening of the filter sealed against the fitting for filtering operation, and a second state, wherein the housing is pivoted such that the top is oriented downwardly allowing the filter to disengage from the fitting and slide out of the housing.

Abstract: A two-stage, retrofit filter is adapted for use with an electrical discharge machine (EDM) includes nested inner and outer filtering elements that may be placed as a unit in the same tank and over the apertured standpipe used for a one-stage filter, such that the fluid to be filtered now flows through each of the multiple filter elements. The retrofit EDM filter may be configured for flow in either direction, though the usual arrangement is one whereby the fluid being filtered flows up through the bottom of the tank, out the apertured standpipe, and into the inner filter element. Preferably, the filter elements are cylindrical, pleated elements composed of a technical grade filter paper. In the preferred embodiment, a pressure-operated release valve is provided in conjunction with the inner filter, such that when a predetermined pressure is reached due to the entrapment of contaminants by the inner filter, the valve opens to allow the fluid to be filtered to flow through the outer filter.

Abstract: A two-stage, retrofit filter is adapted for use with an electrical discharge machine (EDM) includes nested inner and outer filtering elements that may be placed as a unit in the same tank and over the apertured standpipe used for a one-stage filter, such that the fluid to be filtered now flows through each of the multiple filter elements. The retrofit EDM filter may be configured for flow in either direction, though the usual arrangement is one whereby the fluid being filtered flows up through the bottom of the tank, out the apertured standpipe, and into the inner filter element. Preferably, the filter elements are cylindrical, pleated elements composed of a technical grade filter paper. In the preferred embodiment, a pressure-operated release valve is provided in conjunction with the inner filter, such that when a predetermined pressure is reached due to the entrapment of contaminants by the inner filter, the valve opens to allow the fluid to be filtered to flow through the outer filter.

Abstract: The present invention provides a double helix coupled vane forward wave crossed-field amplifier utilizing backwall cooling and vane channel cooling in the RF slow wave circuit. Backwall channel cooling is provided for the majority of the anode vanes. Additional cooling is provided exclusively for the output vanes via individual coolant carrying passages in each output vane. The coolant carrying passages are machined into each standard double helix coupled output vane to create a vane channel in the shape of a "U". A tube formed in a corresponding U-shape is inserted and brazed to the machined vane. The vane assembly is then attached to the anode body of which the backwall has holes formed to accept the tubes from each vane. Divided backwall coolant channels are brazed to the outside of the anode, thereby placing in fluid communication the coolant channels to the tubes.

Abstract: A non-concentric matrix support for a crossed-field device is provided. The crossed-field device comprises a cathode, a plurality of anode vanes radially disposed around the cathode, and an interaction region defined between the cathode and innermost tips of the anode vanes. The cathode matrix support is concentrically coupled to the cathode, and has an axis of symmetry parallel to an associated axis of symmetry of the anode vanes, and offset from the axis of symmetry of the anode vanes by a predetermined amount. The non-concentric matrix support further comprises an end-hat disposed at both axial ends thereof with each respective one of the end-hats being uniformly spaced from the anode vanes. In an embodiment, the offset is approximately 0.008 inches.

Abstract: A crossed-field amplifier (CFA) includes a cylindrical cathode having an emitting surface coaxially disposed within an annular anode structure. The cathode has at least one circumferential groove disposed in the emitting surface. The grooves are relatively deep in comparison with their width. The grooves provide a phase smoothing of the rotating electron cloud spokes operative during crossed-field interaction. CFA noise is reduced by removal of the out-of-phase electrons. Due to their deeply cycloiding paths, these out-of-phase electrons become trapped in the grooves within a region generally shielded from the electric field of the CFA.

Abstract: A crossed-field amplifier is provided which has an anode and a cathode creating an electric field across a magnetic field formed in an interaction area. A field emitter is disposed within a slot formed on an outer surface of the cathode. The field emitter emits an electron current in response to the electric field to provide priming electrons for improving the start up time of the amplifier. The electron current produced by the field emitter has been shown to initiate secondary emissions of electrons from the cathode to reduce irregular start-up or "jitter" typically experienced with the amplifier at low pulse repetition frequencies. In an alternative embodiment of the invention, a thermionic emitting filament is disposed in a space between adjacent anode vanes of the amplifier. The filament emits electrons in response to an external power source. A portion of the emitted electrons tend to impact the anode vanes, creating x-rays which impact the cathode surface to initiate secondary emissions of electrons.

Abstract: In a forward wave low noise cross-field amplifier a slow wave structure is disposed about a predetermined portion of the cathode. The slow wave structure of the cathode is accurately proportioned and spaced to have a dispersion curve near to the dispersion of the slow wave structure of the anode to permit cross-coupling of the RF input from the slow wave structure of the anode to the slow wave structure of the cathode.