Abstract: There are disclosed multiphosphorus-containing compounds comprising phosphonate-containing or phosphate-containing phosphate esters. The compounds can be prepared by: (a) reacting a phosphonate-containing or phosphate-containing alcohol with phosphorus pentoxide following by reaction with an epoxide, (b) reacting a phosphonate-containing or phosphate-containing alcohol with a phosphorus oxyhalide, hydrolyzing any phosphorus halogen bonds and then reacting with the resulting phosphoric acid derivative with an epoxide, (c) transesterifying a phosphonate-containing or phosphate-containing alcohol with a dialkyl phosphite, oxidizing the resulting compound to yield a phosphoric acid derivative and reacting the phosphoric acid derivative with an epoxide. The compounds are useful as flame retardant additives for polyurethanes and textiles.

Abstract: There are disclosed novel phosphorus-containing compounds including and derived from hydrogen phosphonates. The compounds of the present invention can be prepared by reacting a hydrogen phosphonate with: (a) an ethylene derivative in a Michael reaction, (b) an amine or amide and formaldehyde in a Mannich reaction, (c) an aldehyde or ketone, (d) a halogen, (e) carbon tetrachloride and an alkylamine, and (f) carbon tetrachloride and a hydroxyphosphonate. Halophosphonates produced according to procedure (d) can also be used in reactions with (a) alkylamines and (b) hydroxyphosphonates or epoxides to produce the compounds of the present invention.

Abstract: There are disclosed multiphosphorus-containing compounds comprising phosphonate-containing or phosphate-containing phosphate esters. The compounds can be prepared by: (a) reacting a phosphonate-containing or phosphate-containing alcohol with phosphorus pentoxide following by reaction with an epoxide, (b) reacting a phosphonate-containing or phosphate-containing alcohol with a phosphorus oxyhalide, hydrolyzing any phosphorus halogen bonds and then reacting the resulting phosphoric acid derivative with an epoxide, (c) transesterifying a phosphonate-containing or phosphate-containing alcohol with a dialkyl phosphite, oxidizing the resulting compound to yield a phosphoric acid derivative and reacting the phosphoric acid derivative with an epoxide. The compounds are useful as flame retardant additives for polyurethanes and textiles.

Abstract: There are disclosed novel phosphorous-containing compounds including and derived from hydrogen phosphonates. The compounds of the present invention can be prepared by reacting a hydrogen phosphonate with: (a) an ethylene derivative in a Michael reaction, (b) an amine or amide and formaldehyde in a Mannich reaction, (c) an aldehyde or ketone, (d) a halogen, (e) carbon tetrachloride and an alkylamine, and (f) carbon tetrachloride and a hydroxyphosphate. Halophosphonates produced according to procedure (d) can also be used in reactions with (a) alkylamines and (b) hydroxyphosphonates or epoxides to produce the compounds of the present invention.

Abstract: There are disclosed novel phosphorous-containing compounds including and derived from hydrogen phosphonates. The compounds of the present invention can be prepared by reacting a hydrogen phosphonate with: (a) an ethylene derivative in a Michael reaction, (b) an amine or amide and formaldehyde in a Mannich reaction, (c) an aldehyde or ketone, (d) a halogen, (e) carbon tetrachloride and an alkylamine, and (f) carbon tetrachloride and a hydroxyphosphonate. Halophosphonates produced according to procedure (d) can also be used in reactions with (a) alkylamines and (b) hydroxyphosphonates or epoxides to produce the compounds of the present invention.

Abstract: There are disclosed multiphosphorus-containing compounds comprising phosphonate-containing or phosphate-containing phosphate esters. The compounds can be prepared by: (a) reacting a phosphonate-containing or phosphate-containing alcohol with phosphorus pentoxide following by reaction with an epoxide, (b) reacting a phosphonate-containing or phosphate-containing alcohol with a phosphorus oxyhalide, hydrolyzing any phosphorus halogen bonds and then reacting the resulting phosphoric acid derivative with an epoxide, (c) transesterifying a phosphonate-containing or phosphate-containing alcohol with a dialkyl phosphite, oxidizing the resulting compound to yield a phosphoric acid derivative and reacting the phosphoric acid derivative with an epoxide. The compounds are useful as flame retardant additives for polyurethanes and textiles.

Abstract: There are disclosed novel phosphorus-containing compounds including and derived from hydrogen phosphonates. The compounds of the present invention can be prepared by reacting a hydrogen phosphonate with: (a) an ethylene derivative in a Michael reaction, (b) an amine or amide and formaldehyde in a Mannich reaction, (c) an aldehyde or ketone, (d) a halogen, (e) carbon tetrachloride and an alkylamine, and (f) carbon tetrachloride and a hydroxyphosphonate. Halophosphonates produced according to procedure (d) can also be used in reactions with (a) alkylamines and (b) hydroxyphosphonates or epoxides to produce the compounds of the present invention.

Abstract: There are disclosed multiphosphorus-containing compounds comprising phosphonate-containing or phosphate-containing phosphate esters. The compounds can be prepared by: (a) reacting a phosphonate-containing or phosphate-containing alcohol with phosphorus pentoxide following by reaction with an epoxide, (b) reacting a phosphonate-containing or phosphate-containing alcohol with a phosphorus oxyhalide, hydrolyzing any phosphorus halogen bonds and then reacting the resulting phosphoric acid derivative with an epoxide, (c) transesterifying a phosphonate-containing or phosphate-containing alcohol with a dialkyl phosphite, oxidizing the resulting compound to yield a phosphoric acid derivative and reacting the phosphoric acid derivative with an epoxide. The compounds are useful as flame retardant additives for polyurethanes and textiles.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel intermediate temperature fuel cell electrolyte, fuel cells containing this electrolyte and a process for operating these fuel cells.The fuel cell electrolyte composition comprises one or more phosphonic acids. Typical phosphonic acids are compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is a moiety derived from hydroxyalkyl, alkyl, phenyl, alkylphenyl, vinyl, haloalkyl, halophenyl, halomethylphenyl, vinyl, amine, ammonia and ##STR2## and m represents an integer from 1 to 3 and n represents 0 (zero) or the integer 1. This electrolyte composition can further comprise phosphoric acid.The fuel cell electrolyte composition can include a gelling agent and can be effectively used in fuel cells wherein the fuel is hydrogen, the oxidizer is oxygen and the operating temperature is between about 100.degree. C. and 250.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention is directed to inorganic oxide-containing aerogels and the method of preparing such oxide-containing aerogels which are characterized by high surface areas and high pore volume. The preparation comprises dissolving the inorganic alkoxide or metal salt in a solvent optionally containing a catalytic amount of an acid or base and hydrolyzing the metal compound which is then further treated with a fluid at or above its critical temperature and pressure to extract the solvent.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel intermediate temperature fuel cell electrolyte, fuel cells containing this electrolyte and a process for operating these fuel cells.The fuel cell electrolyte composition comprises one or more phosphonic acids. Typical phosphonic acids are compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is a moiety derived from hydroxyalkyl, alkyl, phenyl, alkylphenyl, vinyl, haloalkyl, halophenyl, halomethylphenyl, vinyl, amine, ammonia and ##STR2## and m represents an integer from 1 to 3 and n represents 0 (zero) or the integer 1. This electrolyte composition can further comprise phosphoric acid.The fuel cell electrolyte composition can include a gelling agent and can be effectively used in fuel cells wherein the fuel is hydrogen, the oxidizer is oxygen and the operating temperature is between about 100.degree. C. and 250.degree. C.

Abstract: Flame retardance is imparted to textile materials by impregnating them with a flame retardant composition comprising(a) at least one compound represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl, alkenyl and alkyl having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms and ##STR2## R.sup.3 represents an alkylene group having from 1 to about 5 carbon atoms, and R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, ##STR3## wherein R.sup.6 represents an alkyl group having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms; provided that not all of said R.sup.4 's and R.sup.5 's are --CH.sub.3 at the same time:(b) an aminoplast; and(c) an acid catalyst; and heating the impregnated textile material sufficiently to cure said flame retardant composition.

Abstract: Novel phosphonxycarboxamides of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are selected from the group consisting of aryl and alkyl having from 1-6 carbon atoms and may be the same or different; R.sup.3 represents hydrogen or --CH.sub.2 OH; R.sup.4 represents hydrogen, --CH.sub.3, --CH.sub.2 OH, or --C.sub.2 H.sub.4 OH, R.sup.5 represents an alkyl group having from 1-5 carbon atoms; and n represents 1 or 2 are useful as flame retardant agents for textile materials.

Abstract: Novel phosphonoxycarboxamides of the formula: ##STR1## WHEREIN R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are selected from the group consisting of aryl and alkyl having from 1-6 carbon atoms and may be the same or different; R.sup.3 represents hydrogen or --CH.sub.2 OH; R.sup.4 represents hydrogen, --CH.sub.3, --CH.sub.2 OH, or --C.sub.2 H.sub.4 OH, R.sup.5 represents an alkyl group having from 1-5 carbon atoms; and n represents 1 or 2 are useful as flame retardant agents for textile materials.

Abstract: Flame retardant polycarboxy alkyl and aryl phosphonates having the structural formula: ##STR1## are prepared, wherein R is hydrocarbyl consisting of hydrogen and carbon and substituted hydrocarbyl including C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 alkylene, arylene, C.sub.7 -C.sub.20 alkylene substituted arylene, C.sub.3 -C.sub.20 cycloalkylene, C.sub.4 -C.sub.20 vinylene and derivatives of the foregoing containing non-labile pendant halogens, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyls, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 haloalkyls, vinyls, ethers or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl alcohol functions. R.sup.1 is hydrocarbyl consisting of hydrogen and carbon and substituted hydrocarbyl including C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl, aryl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.20 alkyl substituted aryl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 alkenyl, phenoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkoxy, aryloxy, or C.sub.3 -C.sub.20 cycloalkyl, and derivatives thereof containing non-labile pendant halogens, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyls, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 haloalkyls, vinyls, ethers, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl alcohol functions. R.sup.

Abstract: A method for improving the yield of perchloromethyl mercaptan by including in the reaction mixture phosphonates or phosphonites, in amounts effective to suppress the formation of undesirable byproducts, such as carbon tetrachloride and sulfur monochloride.

Abstract: A method for improving the yield of perchloromethyl mercaptan by including in the reaction mixture amounts of difunctional carbonyl compounds effective to suppress the formation of undesirable byproducts, such as carbon tetrachloride and sulfur monochloride.

Abstract: Phosphorous based flame retardants based on organophosphorus intermediates, characterized by high phosphorus content, which allow further reaction with conventional organophosphorus compounds are described. These flame retardants are particularly useful or polyurethanes.

Abstract: Methoxy-substituted cyanophenyl ester derivatives of phosphinic, phosphonic, phosphoric, thiophosphinic, thiophosphonic, and thiophosphoric acids having the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R and R.sup.1 are independently selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, chloro-substituted lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, phenyl, phenoxy and lower dialkylamide, and X is oxygen or sulfur. The compounds are effective pesticides especially in the control of houseflies, American cockroach, milkweed bug and two-spotted mite. Representative compounds are O-ethyl-O-(2-methoxy-4-cyanophenyl) ethyl phosphonothioate and O,O-dimethyl-O-(2-methoxy-4-cyanophenyl) phosphorothioate.

Abstract: Flame retardant polycarboxy alkyl and aryl phosphonates having the structural formula: ##STR1## ARE PREPARED, WHEREIN R is hydrocarbyl consisting of hydrogen and carbon and substituted hydrocarbyl including C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 alkylene, arylene, C.sub.7 -C.sub.20 alkylene substituted arylene, C.sub.3 -C.sub.20 cycloalkylene, C.sub.4 -C.sub.20 vinylene and derivatives of the foregoing containing non-labile pendant halogens, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyls, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 haloalkyls, vinyls, ethers or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl alcohol functions. R.sup.1 is hydrocarbyl consisting of hydrogen and carbon and substituted hydrocarbyl including C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl, aryl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.20 alkyl substituted aryl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 alkenyl, phenoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkoxy, aryloxy, or C.sub.3 -C.sub.20 cycloalkyl, and derivatives thereof containing non-liabile pendant halogens, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyls, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 haloalkyls, vinyls, ethers, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl alcohol functions. R.sup.