Abstract: For reducing pollutant generation in a tangentially fired furnace, a method and apparatus for modification of a main air-fuel compartment. An extender dish for mounting on the discharge face of the compartment has a wide projection to extend across the discharge face half portion closer to the axis of the fireball in the furnace firing chamber and a narrow projection to extend across the discharge face half portion further from the fireball axis. Preferably a flow restricting plate is also provided to extend across a part of the discharge face portion closer to the axis of the fireball. These air restricting means cause a portion of the combustion air from the main air-fuel compartment discharge face to be directed outside the fireball therein reducing oxygen concentration and flame temperature thereby lowering pollutant generation.

Abstract: Pulverized coal and air flowing-in a coal nozzle are distributed for combustion with low NOX generation by a concentric central duct with long exterior spiraling vanes which extend upstream and attach to a support pipe extending further upstream in the nozzle. The space from the downstream end of the support pipe to the upstream end of the central duct, and the cross section of the pipe relative to the cross section of the central duct regulate the entry of coal and air into the central duct from which the flow emerges with reduced velocity as a central stream stabilizing the flame. The central duct also has an exterior short vane attached to each long vane to separate the pulverized fuel and air outerflow into fuel-enriched swirling streams and fuel-depleted recirculation zones.

Abstract: An environmental control system disclosed includes a refrigeration loop including a two stage centrifugal compressor having an inlet and an outlet, a condenser having an inlet connected with the compressor outlet and an outlet, and an evaporator having an inlet connected with said condenser outlet and an outlet connected with the compressor inlet, a motor for rotating the compressor, control means responsive to evaporator load for establishing the rate of rotating said compressor, a controllable expansion valve in communication with the refrigeration loop, an expansion valve control to control the setting of the expansion valve, a bypass valve in communication with the refrigeration loop and also in communication with one stage of the compressor, wherein the bypass valve is selectively openable to allow circulated refrigerant to be variably communicated to the stage in communication therewith, and wherein the setting of the expansion valve is also a function of bypass valve operation.

Abstract: An environmental control system disclosed includes a refrigeration loop including a variable speed compressor having an inlet and an outlet, a condenser, an evaporator and variable speed evaporator fan, temperature setpoint apparatus, recirculated air temperature sensor, evaporator, air inlet temperature sensor and an evaporator fan speed control for establishing the speed of the evaporator fan as a function of the desired air temperature and the recirculated air temperature and a compressor speed control for establishing the speed of the compressor as a function of at least the evaporator air inlet temperature and speed of the evaporator fan.

Abstract: An environmental control system disclosed includes a refrigeration loop including a variable speed compressor having an inlet and an outlet, a condenser having an inlet connected with the compressor outlet and an outlet, and an evaporator having an inlet connected with the condenser outlet and an outlet connected with the compressor inlet. The system also includes a variable speed evaporator fan and evaporator fan control for controlling the speed of the evaporator fan and a monitor for monitoring the superheat condition of the refrigerant at the compressor inlet wherein the evaporator fan control controls the speed of the evaporator fan as a function on the value of the superheat condition. A variable speed condenser fan is controlled by a condenser fan speed control that functions in part on the value of the superheat condition.

Abstract: An environmental control system disclosed includes a refrigeration loop including a variable speed compressor having an inlet and an outlet, a condenser, an evaporator and variable speed evaporator fan for moving air across the evaporator, a compressor speed control, a superheat monitor for monitoring the condition at the inlet of the compressor and a primary superheat control responsive to the superheat monitor for establishing the speed of the evaporator fan to maintain a predetermined superheat condition.

Abstract: A combination air and oil cooled seal housing is provided which also utilizes trapped stagnant air as an insulator. The combination prevents coking of the oil supplied as a lubricant to the bearings and seals in the hot section of a turbine engine. Pressurized air is introduced from the compressor into the inner structure support housing by means of hollow passages. The pressurized air absorbs heat as it traverses the passages in the structure. The oil supplied is connected to an annular shape cavity allowing the oil to be circulated therein and cool the seal support structure. Additional insulation is provided by cylindrically shaped trapped air shields surrounding the bearing package. Oil flowing through the structure can then properly lubricate the seals and bearings which support the turbine rotor stages within the housing assembly.

Abstract: A combination air and oil cooled seal housing is provided which also utilizes trapped stagnant air as an insulator. The combination prevents coking of the oil supplied as a lubricant to the bearings and seals in the hot section of a turbine engine. Pressurized air is introduced from the compressor into the inner structure support housing by means of hollow passages. The pressurized air absorbs heat as it traverses the passages in the structure. The oil supply is connected to an annular shape cavity allowing the oil to be circulated therein and cool the seal support structure. Additional insulation is provided by cylindrically shaped trapped air shields surrounding the bearing package. Oil flowing through the structure can then properly lubricate the seals and bearings which support the turbine rotor stages within the housing assembly.

Abstract: A cylinder of a gas turbine engine is formed of a multilayered construction including a radially inner ceramic ring, the inner surface of which is juxtaposed to the tips of a turbine rotor, an intermediate arrangement of two annular ceramic rings that are substantially L-shaped in cross-section and are disposed in mirror image so as to entrap the radially inner ceramic ring, and a radially outer metallic support means which envelopes the intermediate ceramic rings for maintaining the composite ceramic structure during different operating modes of the turbine engine. The composite ceramic portion of the cylinder enables the engine to operate at higher temperatures, and offers the potential for improved turbine tip clearance control, since the ceramic material is less sensitive to thermal distortion.

Abstract: A turbine cylinder is in contact at its outer surface with split rings which are held in place in annular slots in a cylindrically extending ring holder. The rings, while remaining in contact with the outer surface of the cylinder, are allowed to expand and contract within their respective slots. Notches are constructed at the inner circumference of the rings to form a labyrinth type cooling passage in conjunction with the outer surface of the turbine cylinder.

Abstract: A stationary air-cooled shroud or cylinder forming a portion of a turbine asembly includes an inner ring having a matrix of grooves formed therein, and an outer restraining ring covering the matrix so as to form a labyrinth of passageways for the flow of cooling air therethrough. A suspension ring cooperates with the inner ring and the restraint ring to define an entry flow path for the cooling air, and also a plenum chamber having an auxiliary outlet to provide film cooling air to the clearance spacing between the inner ring and the rotor blade tips. The fow of cool air through the labyrinth is operative to reduce the level and gradient of the metal tempertures in the shroud in order to obtain improved turbine blade tip clearance control.