Abstract: Order flow information is used to provide traders with an enhanced market data feed. The external market data are overlaid with detailed internal customer order flow data to produce an enhanced virtual order book that more accurately reflects the best price and quantity available to traders at the receiving location and also the market liquidity behind that current best price. If a market impact overlay processor at a particular location closer to the exchange has access to customer order flow data from other more remote locations, the resultant enhanced virtual order book may not only be shared with traders at the closer location but also may be broadcast to market impact overlay processors at the remote locations, which may further enhance the shared data with more recent customer order flow data that would have not been received at the closer location at the time the enhanced data was broadcast.

Abstract: A method and system for beamforming a multi-element array using time delays is provided. The array includes transmit array elements and receive array elements. Each of the array elements includes a processor. Modulation and demodulation functions are performed at the processors of each array element. The modulation and demodulation functions utilize receive time offsets and phase shifts, and transmit time offsets and phase shifts, respectively. The receive time offsets and phase shifts, and the transmit time offsets and phase shifts are determined by a central processing unit in order to beam form received signals and transmitted signals, respectively. The array elements are arranged in a daisy chain fashion in order to facilitate communication of control parameters, communication of hits to be transmitted and distributed combining of demodulated baseband samples from one array element to another and communicating the combined samples to the central processing unit.

Abstract: A method and system for beamforming a multi-element array using time delays is provided. The array includes transmit array elements and receive array elements. Each of the array elements includes a processor. Modulation and demodulation functions are performed at the processors of each array element. The modulation and demodulation functions utilize receive time offsets and phase shifts, and transmit time offsets and phase shifts, respectively. The receive time offsets and phase shifts, and the transmit time offsets and phase shifts are determined by a central processing unit in order to beamform received signals and transmitted signals, respectively. The array elements are arranged in a daisy chain fashion in order to facilitate communication of control parameters, communication of bits to be transmitted and distributed combining of demodulated baseband samples from one array element to another and communicating the combined samples to the central processing unit.

Abstract: Devices and methods for improving fuel efficiency are disclosed herein. According to aspects illustrated herein, there is provided a device for improving fuel efficiency of a combustion engine. The device may include a housing for attachment to an exhaust pipe of a combustion engine and having a pathway extending therethrough. The device may further include a wound body disposed at a distal portion of the housing and designed to permit fluid from the exhaust pipe flowing along the housing to flow through the wound body. In addition, the device may include a barrier positioned within the pathway downstream from the wound body so as to generate a sufficient back pressure along the exhaust pipe to enhance piston stroke efficiency in the combustion system, resulting in an increase in fuel efficiency of the combustion engine.

Abstract: The invention relates to a vaccine for the treatment of disease caused by Neisseria, the vaccine comprising one or more immunogenic components for Neisseria serogroups, as well as antibodies to the immunogenic components and methods of preventing and treating Neisseria infections. The immunogens are based on elements of the inner core lipopolysaccharide.

Abstract: A chemical mechanical polishing composition contains 1) water, 2) optionally an abrasive material, 3) an oxidizer, preferably a per-type oxidizer, 4) a small amount of soluble metal-ion oxidizer/polishing accelerator, a metal-ion polishing accelerator bound to particles such as to abrasive particles, or both; and 5) at least one of the group selected from a) a small amount of a chelator, b) a small amount of a dihydroxy enolic compound, and c) a small amount of an organic accelerator. Ascorbic acid in an amount less than 800 ppm, preferably between about 100 ppm and 500 ppm, is the preferred dihydroxy enolic compound. The polishing compositions and processes are useful for substantially all metals and metallic compounds found in integrated circuits, but is particularly useful for tungsten.

Abstract: A method of aiding in the diagnosis or prediction of degenerative joint disease in a joint of a patient. The method comprises obtaining a test spectrum of Raman scattered radiation from cartilage tissue in the joint, and analysing the test spectrum, or one or more regions thereof, to assess whether the test spectrum is consistent with the patient having, or subsequently developing, degenerative joint disease in the joint.

Abstract: The invention relates to a vaccine for the treatment of disease caused by Neisseria, the vaccine comprising o more immunogenic components for Neisseria serogroups, as well as antibodies to the immunogenic components and m preventing and treating Neisseria infections.

Abstract: A steerable drilling system including a bias unit and a separator. The separator is arranged to remove particulate matter from the supply of pressurized drilling mud to the actuator of the bias unit. The separator includes a hydrocyclone located upstream of the actuators. The hydrocyclone includes a housing defining a substantially conical recess having a large diameter end and a small diameter end. An inlet is in fluid communication with the large diameter end for providing the drilling mud thereto. A first outlet is in fluid communication with the small diameter end for outlet of relatively dirty mud. A second outlet is in fluid communication with the large diameter end for outlet of a supply of relatively clean mud for the plurality of actuators.

Abstract: A universal platform device includes a support member and at least one base member having a first surface configured to be positioned on a primary surface. The base member can be pivotably coupled to the support member, and includes a plurality of gaseous cells at least toward the first surface and flexible regions at least between the respective gaseous cells. The weight of the object or person being supported on platform device deforms the flexible material and the gaseous cells. Upon deformation of the flexible regions and gaseous cells, the shape of the mating portion substantially conforms to the shape of the primary surface. The gaseous cells at the mating portion expand to form numerous suction cups and the base member clasps on to the primary surface.

Abstract: The invention relates to a vaccine for the treatment of disease caused by Neisseria, the vaccine including one or more immunogenic components for Neisseria serogroups, as well as antibodies to the immunogenic components and methods of preventing and treating Neisseria infections. The immunogens are based on elements of the inner core lipopolysaccharide.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) are disclosed. Compounds according to the invention bind to and are agonists, antagonists or inverse agonists of the CB2 receptor, and are useful for treating inflammation. Those compounds which are agonists are additionally useful for treating pain.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a spray coating process for a robotic spray gun assembly comprising importing a discretized model of an object geometry to be coated; importing a numerically characterized spray pattern file; importing a robot motion file comprising a plurality of motion positions, dwell times and orientations defining a spray direction of the robotic spray gun; reading each motion position within the motion file; determining which portions of the object geometry are visible at each motion position; computing a void volume fraction at each visible portion of the object geometry based on the core compression, the incident angle of the robotic spray gun and the ricocheting of the spray for each motion position; and calculating total coating thickness on portions of the object geometry for the complete motion step.

Abstract: A sole assembly suitable for use in footwear, the sole assembly including a flexible base (12) having an underside surface (13) which includes a forward region (31), a rearward region (32) and an intermediate region (33) therebetween. The sole assembly further includes a plurality of individual sole elements (14) on the underside surface, each element including a body section (15) and a connecting section (17) which is operatively secured to the underside surface (13) of the flexible base (12), the sole elements (14) being arranged on the underside surface of the flexible base such that at least some of the body sections (15) of adjacent sole elements have overlapping sections.

Abstract: A method of polishing a substrate with a polishing composition comprising an oxidizing agent and abrasive particles having a surface, said surface of the abrasive particles being at least partially modified with 1) at least one stabilizer compound comprising aluminum, boron, tungsten, or both, said stabilizer compound being bound via a covalent bond to said abrasive particles, and 2) an organic chelating compound, said chelating compound being bound via a covalent bond to said stabilizer compound. The organic chelating compounds include one or more of 1) a nitrogen-containing moiety and between one and five other polar groups; 2) a sulfur-containing moiety and between one and five other polar groups; and 3) between two and five polar groups selected from carboxylic acid groups or salts thereof and hydroxyl groups.

Abstract: Exhaust pressure from at least one actuator (34,36) which can tilt joint 6 of a bottom hole assembly 4 can be utilized to determine the direction 26 tiltable joint 6 is pointing (e.g., orientation, angular displacement, and/or inclination and azimuth). In one embodiment, a known exhaust pressure can be correlated to a known orientation and/or angular displacement, and the measured exhaust pressure can be compared to the known exhaust pressure to determine the orientation and/or angular displacement. In another embodiment, the flow rate of fluid exhausted from an actuator (34,36) can be derived from the exhaust pressure. The exhaust flow rate can then be used to calculate the state of actuation, which can allow determination of the angular displacement of the tiltable joint 6. Orientation and/or angular displacement with respect to the bottom hole assembly 4 can be resolved into an inclination and azimuth with respect to a formation 14.

Abstract: A chemical mechanical polishing composition contains 1) water, 2) optionally an abrasive material, 3) an oxidizer, preferably a per-type oxidizer, 4) a small amount of soluble metal-ion oxidizer/polishing accelerator, a metal-ion polishing accelerator bound to particles such as to abrasive particles, or both; and 5) at least one of the group selected from a) a small amount of a chelator, b) a small amount of a dihydroxy enolic compound, and c) a small amount of an organic accelerator. Ascorbic acid in an amount less than 800 ppm, preferably between about 100 ppm and 500 ppm, is the preferred dihydroxy enolic compound. The polishing compositions and processes are useful for substantially all metals and metallic compounds found in integrated circuits, but is particularly useful for tungsten.

Abstract: A sole assembly suitable for use in footwear, the sole assembly including a flexible base (12) having an underside surface (13) which includes a forward region (31), a rearward region (32) and an intermediate region (33) therebetween. The sole assembly further includes a plurality of individual sole elements (14) on the underside surface, each element including a body section (15) and a connecting section (17) which is operatively secured to the underside surface (13) of the flexible base (12), the sole elements (14) being arranged on the underside surface of the flexible base such that at least some of the body sections (15) of adjacent sole elements have overlapping sections.

Abstract: A surface cleaner, comprising a tank having a fluid-filled part and an air-filled part; a vacuum pump; a fluid pressure pump; a cleaning head having a cleaning chamber and a vacuum chamber, the cleaning chamber forming a cavity bounded by a surface to be cleaned, the vacuum chamber having an inlet lip at the periphery of the cleaning chamber; jet nozzles mounted within the cleaning chamber; wherein the pressure pump draws fluid from the tank and ejects it into the cleaning chamber through the nozzles; wherein the vacuum pump maintains a low pressure in the air-filled part of the tank and a high pressure in the cleaning chamber; and wherein the inlet lip is in fluid communication with the air-filled part of the tank portion whereby fluid ejected into the cleaning chamber is drawn into the inlet lip and returned to the tank.

Abstract: A method and system for beamforming a multi-element array using time delays is provided. The array includes transmit array elements and receive array elements. Each of the array elements includes a processor. Modulation and demodulation functions are performed at the processors of each array element. The modulation and demodulation functions utilize receive time offsets and phase shifts, and transmit time offsets and phase shifts, respectively. The receive time offsets and phase shifts, and the transmit time offsets and phase shifts are determined by a central processing unit in order to beamform received signals and transmitted signals, respectively. The array elements are arranged in a daisy chain fashion in order to facilitate communication of control parameters, communication of bits to be transmitted and distributed combining of demodulated baseband samples from one array element to another and communicating the combined samples to the central processing unit.