Abstract: A crop growth modeling system includes a memory configured to store computer-readable instructions. The instructions cause to the system to use a digital twin component configured to create and manage a digital twin of a farm. The instructions cause to the system to use a data input component configured to receive data related to a defined set of land characteristics and environmental attributes for the farm. The instructions cause to the system to use a processing component configured to integrate the received data with the digital twin and to simulate at least one crop growth scenario based on the integrated data. The instructions cause to the system to use a prediction component configured to determine a predicted crop growth rate for the farm based on the simulations conducted by the processing component.

Abstract: An artificial intelligence agricultural advisor chatbot system powered by large language models (LLMs) and customized for the agricultural domain using a blend of agricultural datasets can include tools providing custom context relevant to user queries. The chatbot system can apply an LLM to formulate conversational responses to user queries based on the custom context. Various tools can be employed in the chatbot system to facilitate user access to agricultural information, such as product label data. A natural language processing algorithm is applied to convert agricultural data from digital files into vector embeddings representing semantically coherent text segments and question-answer pairs, and the vector embeddings are stored in a database for retrieval during formulation of LLM prompts based on user queries. Fine-tuning and prompt-based learning approaches make the chatbot interact with a user in a way similar to an agricultural professional.

Abstract: An optical communication system is configured to transmit and receive at least four multiplexed, differently-polarized, optically-transmitted signals. Each signal is associated with a predefined state of polarization. An optical transmitter is configured to transmit multiplexed, differently polarized, optically transmitted signals. An optical receiver is configured to receive the optically transmitted signals. The system includes a multi-polarization analyzer circuit configured to obtain an analyzed signal for each of the polarized signals in Stokes space. The analyzer circuit is configured to determine if the multiplexed signal has been transformed by extreme polarization-dependent loss (PDL), the receiver correcting for the extreme polarization-dependent loss.

Abstract: In general, one aspect of the subject matter described in this specification can be embodied in a method that includes rendering Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) content, in an HTML rendering engine, to primitives of a vector graphics rendering engine; rendering the primitives, in the vector graphics rendering engine, to provide a user interface; receiving an input event via the user interface; determining, in the HTML rendering engine, a change in appearance for the user interface based on the input event; and updating at least one of the primitives for rendering by the vector graphics rendering engine in accordance with the change in appearance to update the user interface.

Abstract: A method for displaying hypertext data comprises displaying a first document represented in a first markup representation and containing at least one hypertext link, and in response to a user input selecting a first hypertext link in the first document, accessing an external document represented in a second markup representation, the first hypertext link having an original state pointing to the external document. The method further comprises converting the second markup representation of the external document into a first markup representation of the external document, and incorporating the first markup representation of the external document into the first document. The method can also include modifying the first hypertext link from the original state to a second state having an internal link pointed to the first markup representation of the external document in the first document.