Abstract: A method for creating a distinguishing identifier of a collection of data including a primary document and one or more auxiliary documents digests each auxiliary document to create a respective auxiliary document digest, and creates a distinguishing identifier by digesting a concatenation of the primary document with all auxiliary document digests.

Abstract: A method for converting a semantic markup representation of a document into a physical markup representation of the document calculates a logical minimum width equal to the minimum width required to display all screen objects within the document at their normal size, creates a physical markup representation of the document, the physical markup representation having a width at least as wide as the logical minimum width, and conforms the physical markup representation to a target size, including a target width by scaling the width of the physical markup representation by a scaling factor derived from the ratio of an element of the target size to the logical minimum width.

Abstract: A method for converting a semantic markup representation of a document into a physical markup representation of the document calculates a logical minimum width equal to the minimum width required to display all screen objects within the document at their normal size, creates a physical markup representation of the document, the physical markup representation having a width at least as wide as the logical minimum width, and conforms the physical markup representation to a target size, including a target width by scaling the width of the physical markup representation by a scaling factor derived from the ratio of an element of the target size to the logical minimum width.

Abstract: A method for creating a distinguishing identifier of a collection of data including a primary document and one or more auxiliary documents digests each auxiliary document to create a respective auxiliary document digest, and creates a distinguishing identifier by digesting a concatenation of the primary document with all auxiliary document digests.

Abstract: A method for displaying hypertext data comprises displaying a first document represented in a first markup representation and containing at least one hypertext link, and in response to a user input selecting a first hypertext link in the first document, accessing an external document represented in a second markup representation, the first hypertext link having an original state pointing to the external document. The method further comprises converting the second markup representation of the external document into a first markup representation of the external document, and incorporating the first markup representation of the external document into the first document. The method can also include modifying the first hypertext link from the original state to a second state having an internal link pointed to the first markup representation of the external document in the first document.

Abstract: A method for displaying hypertext data comprises displaying a first document represented in a first markup representation and containing at least one hypertext link, and in response to a user input selecting a first hypertext link in the first document, accessing an external document represented in a second markup representation, the first hypertext link having an original state pointing to the external document. The method further comprises converting the second markup representation of the external document into a first markup representation of the external document, and incorporating the first markup representation of the external document into the first document. The method can also include modifying the first hypertext link from the original state to a second state having an internal link pointed to the first markup representation of the external document in the first document.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, implementing and using techniques for displaying hypertext data, including displaying a first document represented in a physical markup representation and containing at least one hypertext link and, in response to a user input selecting a first hypertext link in the first document, accessing an external document represented in a semantic markup representation, the first hypertext link having an original state pointing to the external document. The semantic markup representation of the external document is converted into a physical markup representation and incorporated into the first document. A digest of the external document can be created and used to determine whether the physical markup representation of the external document has already been incorporated into the first document.

Abstract: A method and computer program for retrieving documents transitively linked to an initial document includes retrieving the initial document, the initial document being within a directory path; and retrieving only those other documents for which there is a transitive link from the initial document to the other document and for which the transitive link includes documents which are all within the directory path. The initial document is on a hierarchical file system which is distributed on a network or an internet.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, implementing and using techniques for displaying hypertext data, including displaying a first document represented in a physical markup representation and containing at least one hypertext link and, in response to a user input selecting a first hypertext link in the first document, accessing an external document represented in a semantic markup representation, the first hypertext link having an original state pointing to the external document. The semantic markup representation of the external document is converted into a physical markup representation and incorporated into the first document. A digest of the external document can be created and used to determine whether the physical markup representation of the external document has already been incorporated into the first document.