Abstract: Blood collection, processing and transfer leads to the separation of discrete fractions by adding additional citrate (trisodium citrate) to bring the citrate concentration to 10%-15% w/v thereby leading to enhanced yield and purity of cryoprecipitate. The improved cryoprecipitate then yields concentrated clotting factors by an improved extraction process which uses polyvinyl pyrollidone to reduce the extraction of fibrinogen. Following extraction the remaining cryoprecipitate can advantageously be formed into a fibrin fabric used in surgeries and in the treatment of wounds.

Abstract: The blood collection, processing and transfer by separation of discrete components containing additional citrate (at least about trisodium citrate 9% w/v) in one or other of collection or processing bag provides for enhanced yield and purity of cryoprecipitate. Inhibiting the activation or denaturation of blood components including blood cells and plasma proteins and with the removal of the activated and denatured components thereby improving safety and efficacy of end products. The inventive process is particularly suited to an improved extraction process to yield concentrated clotting factors from single donors or limited pools without use of chromatography. Following extraction the remaining cryoprecipitate can advantageously be formed into a fibrin fabric used in surgeries and in the treatment of wounds.

Abstract: Special extracts of grape berries and Goji berries can be prepared by exposing fruit juices or preparations to an insoluble binding resin which is then extracted with soluble polyvinylpyrollidone. Grape and Goji extracts made in this way can be used to inhibit or control platelet aggregation. Grape extract has exceptional antibacterial properties and can be used to control oral bacteria and to control MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). The combination of control of platelet aggregation and antibacterial properties exhibited by the grape-extract allows it to be used to significantly extend the life of isolated platelets. When added to solutions of isolated platelets, the grape extract prevents bacterial growth and prevents deterioration of the platelets through activation. This treatment extends the usable life of platelet concentrates to at least ten days. In addition, polyphenols can be used as a medicament for modulation of platelet activity in vitro.

Abstract: An improved anticoagulant or additive is based on a higher level of citric acid than is usual (at least about 1.0% weight by volume). The higher citrate is combined with an amino acid as a counterion. The amino acid prevents cellular damage often caused by elevated citrate levels. The amino acid citrate mixture also serves to preserve platelet concentrates and platelet rich plasma during room incubation. Not only does the amino acid citrate combination enhance platelet integrity, it completely inhibits or kills bacteria such as Staphylococcus epidermidis. Collecting blood of plasma into such higher levels of citrate prevents activation of blood proteins so that fractions made from the blood or plasma have superior characteristics.

Abstract: Special extracts of grape berries and Gogi berries can be prepared by exposing fruit juices or preparations to an insoluble binding resin which is then extracted with soluble polyvinylpyrollidone. Grape and Goji extracts made in this way can be used to inhibit or control platelet aggregation. Grape extract has exceptional antibacterial properties and can be used to control oral bacteria and to control MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). The combination of control of platelet aggregation and antibacterial properties exhibited by the grape-extract allows it to be used to significantly extend the life of isolated platelets. When added to solutions of isolated platelets, the grape extract prevents bacterial growth and prevents deterioration of the platelets through activation. This treatment extends the usable life of platelet concentrates to at least ten days.

Abstract: The blood collection, processing and transfer by separation of discrete components containing additional citrate (at least about trisodium citrate 9% w/v) in one or other of collection or processing bag provides for enhanced yield and purity of cryoprecipitate. Inhibiting the activation or denaturation of blood components including blood cells and plasma proteins and with the removal of the activated and denatured components thereby improving safety and efficacy of end products. The inventive process is particularly suited to an improved extraction process to yield concentrated clotting factors from single donors or limited pools without use of chromatography. Following extraction the remaining cryoprecipitate can advantageously be formed into a fibrin fabric used in surgeries and in the treatment of wounds.

Abstract: Blood collection, processing and transfer leads to the separation of discrete fractions by adding additional citrate (trisodium citrate) to bring the citrate concentration to 10%-15% w/v thereby leading to enhanced yield and purity of cryoprecipitate. The improved cryoprecipitate then yields concentrated clotting factors by an improved extraction process which uses polyvinyl pyrollidone to reduce the extraction of fibrinogen.

Abstract: The blood collection, processing and transfer by separation of discrete components containing additional citrate (at least about trisodium citrate 9% w/v) in one or other of collection or processing bag provides for enhanced yield and purity of cryoprecipitate. Inhibiting the activation or denaturation of blood components including blood cells and plasma proteins and with the removal of the activated and denatured components thereby improving safety and efficacy of end products. The inventive process is particularly suited to an improved extraction process to yield concentrated clotting factors from single donors or limited pools without use of chromatography. Following extraction the remaining cryoprecipitate can advantageously be formed into a fibrin fabric used in surgeries and in the treatment of wounds.

Abstract: The blood collection, processing and transfer by separation of discrete components containing additional citrate (at least about trisodium citrate 2% w/v) in one or other of collection or processing bag provides for enhanced yield and purity of cryoprecipitate. Inhibiting the activation or denaturation of blood components including blood cells and plasma proteins and with the removal of the activated and denatured components thereby improving safety and efficacy of end products, which include fibrin glue, is achieved. In addition, the process allows “cryo” precipitate to be prepared at temperatures above freezing and without freezing the plasma.

Abstract: An oxygen releasing bandage or dressing is based on a stable complex between polyvinyl acetal and hydrogen peroxide. Medical grade polyvinyl acetal sponge is treated with hydrogen peroxide, thereby forming a complex between the acetal plastic and the hydrogen peroxide. The dressing material is then affixed to a wound preferably with an oxygen impermeable covering. Fluids from the wound are drawn into the sponge where catalase and other enzymes in the fluids breakdown the hydrogen peroxide to release oxygen. If treatment of relatively dry wounds is desired, catalyst solutions can be introduced into the bandage to stimulate production of oxygen. The bandages are stable for a prolonged period of time.

Abstract: An improved anticoagulant is based on a higher level of citric acid than is usual (at least about 0.2% weight by volume). The higher citrate is combined with an amino acid as a counterion. The amino acid prevents cellular damage often caused by elevated citrate levels. The amino acid citrate mixture also serves to preserve platelet concentrates and platelet rich plasma during room incubation. Not only does the amino acid citrate combination enhance platelet integrity, it completely inhibits the growth of bacteria such as Staphylococcus epidermidis. Collecting blood of plasma into such higher levels of citrate prevents activation of blood proteins so that fractions made from the blood or plasma have superior characteristics.

Abstract: The blood collection, processing and transfer by separation of discrete components containing additional citrate (at least about trisodium citrate 9% w/v) in one or other of collection or processing bag provides for enhanced yield and purity of cryoprecipitate. Inhibiting the activation or denaturation of blood components including blood cells and plasma proteins and with the removal of the activated and denatured components thereby improving safety and efficacy of end products. The inventive process is particularly suited to an improved extraction process to yield concentrated clotting factors from single donors or limited pools without use of chromatography.

Abstract: Simple carboxylic acids, in particular dicarboxylic acids such as citric acid shows an unexpected ability to enhance the antimicrobial power of a wide range of disinfectant and/or antibiotic agents. As little as 1% citrate greatly enhances the ability of antibiotics to kill or inhibit a wide range of bacterial species including antibiotic resistant strains. Citrate alone is effective in preventing bacterial growth in platelet concentrates and in red blood cell suspensions. Effective concentrations of citrate cause little if any damage to blood cells. Besides enhancing the power of antibiotics citrate also enhances the antimicrobial properties of disinfectant organic dyes such as crystal violet and methylene blue. In addition citrate enhances the antimicrobial properties of polyphenols of plant origin. Iodine-based disinfectants are also enhanced without enhancing protein denaturation.

Abstract: A mixed bed of iodine source/iodine capture resin provides high flow rates that are useful for treatment of water. The ratio of source/capture resin can be adjusted to meet the goals of the system. If insufficient iodine is being provided, the source resin amount can be increased relative to the capture resin. If excess iodine or iodide are found in the treated water, the capture resin amount can be increased relative to the source resin. The release of iodine from the source resin and its effectiveness can be significantly enhanced by using a mixed bed system in which one or both of the source and the capture ion exchange resins have had their exchange sites saturated with the anion of an organic acid such as citrate and/or isocitrate. This significantly increases the amount of iodine released into aqueous solution and enhances the disinfecting power of that iodine.

Abstract: A simple analytical method for determining antioxidant level in food product and body fluids such as urine is based on reduction of elemental iodine. The method adds an aqueous solution of iodine and an iodophor to the sample to be tested. Polyvinylpyrrolidone is a preferred iodophor. Antioxidant materials in the sample reduce the elemental iodine and the reaction is monitored by measuring either a decrease in iodine or an increase in iodide ion. A preferred method of practicing the invention is to measure the change in iodide ion with an ion selective electrode and an appropriate electronic meter. The method rapidly and inexpensively produces antioxidant measurements that are comparable to those produced by my more complex and cumbersome methods.

Abstract: The lees or “dregs” produced during wine making are rich sources of antioxidants. Unexpectedly, these materials show significant antibacterial properties as well as antioxidant properties. The lees of red wine which consist of tannins and plant pigments precipitated around crystals of potassium tartarate can advantageously be used directly as a tonic or demulcent. The material can also be used topically for disinfecting the skin, etc. In addition, it is possible to use organic polymers to bind the pigments and/or solubilize them from the tartaric salt to facilitate their use or to make a relatively pure pigment/tannin component.

Abstract: The lees or “dregs” produced during wine making are rich sources of antioxidants. Unexpectedly, these materials show significant antibacterial properties as well as antioxidant properties. The lees of red wine which consist of tannins and plant pigments precipitated around crystals of potassium tartarate can advantageously be used directly as a tonic or demulcent. The material can also be used topically for disinfecting the skin, etc. In addition, it is possible to use organic polymers to bind the pigments and/or solubilize them from the tartaric salt to facilitate their use or to make a relatively pure pigment/tannin component.

Abstract: A soluble bioactive coloring concentrate can be prepared from the juice of cranberry and other fruits or vegetables by precipitating the material from juice or homogenate with soluble polyvinylpyrrolidone or soluble polyvinyl alcohol. The active materials which can be precipitated from a variety of plant materials and is a colored solid that is freely water-soluble. The materials produced from cranberry, blueberry, blackberry, grape or Aronia berry show significant antibacterial and antiviral properties. These compositions can be readily consumed as a therapeutic or nutraceutical, used as a coloring agent or it can be used topically. Tests on fresh human blood indicate that the soluble cranberry material can destroy bacteria and virus without appreciably damaging the blood constituents making them candidates as injectable antimicrobials.

Abstract: A detergent such as nonionic, cationic or anionic detergents and preferably a “sugar detergent” such as octyl-glucopyranoside is rendered insoluble by being bound to an inert substrate. This detergent is effective at inactivating pathogens even when so bound. Under these conditions the concentration of detergent free in solution is vanishingly low: probably below one millimolar in concentration. Addition of insoluble detergent results in effective destruction of enveloped viruses in a variety of protein containing solutions such as blood, plasma, clotting factors or other proteins purified from human blood. Because the detergent is essentially entirely bound to the solid substrate, there is little or no difficulty in ensuring that the end product is detergent-free. Because the detergent is so bound, it causes essentially no damage to proteins, blood cells and other cellular material.

Abstract: The blood collection, processing and transfer by separation of discrete components containing additional citrate (at least about trisodium citrate 2% w/v) in one or other of collection or processing bag provides for enhanced yield and purity of cryoprecipitate. Inhibiting the activation or denaturation of blood components including blood cells and plasma proteins and with the removal of the activated and denatured components thereby improving safety and efficacy of end products, which include fibrin glue, is achieved. In addition, the process allows “cryo” precipitate to be prepared at temperatures above freezing and without freezing the plasma.