Abstract: A manually operable calculator for optimizing aircraft fuel consumption during descent from an actual altitude to a target altitude/distance. Altitude and distance scales are provided which are alignable to determine an uncorrected fuel efficient distance to commence a descent from a given altitude to a target location, with separate scales being provided for different airspeeds. Wind and weight correction scales are also provided which give a distance correction based upon the aircraft's weight, prevailing wind conditions, and the difference between beginning and target altitudes. In the preferred embodiment a plurality of altitude scales are employed, each scale having thereon an altitude display which is proportioned in accordance with a respective air speed and given in terms of mach speed for altitudes above a mach speed/I.A.S. transition point, and in terms of I.A.S. below that point. In this embodiment a single, linear distance scale is employed.

Abstract: A barrier for use as a breakwater or highway safety divider having a reinforced resilient base in which are embedded a plurality of tires extending outwardly of said base and means for joining a plurality of said bases in line.

Abstract: A barrier for use as a breakwater or highway safety divider having a reinforced concrete base in which are embedded a plurality of tires extending outwardly of said base and means for joining a plurality of said bases in line.