Abstract: The present application generally describes several microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) including apparatuses, devices and systems configured for actuating a microdevice such as a shutter for use in a mobile terminal camera. One preferred embodiment described herein can include an apparatus including a curtain substantially disposed in a plane; an actuator mechanically connected to the curtain; and a voltage supply electrically connected to the actuator such that in response to a predetermined voltage the actuator thermally expands and thereby causes displacement of the curtain within the plane.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a microcontroller designed for protection of intellectual digital content. The microcontroller includes a secure CPU, a real-time cipher, and a user programmable multi-layer access control system for internal memory realized by programmable nonvolatile memory. Programmable nonvolatile memory allows in-system and in-application programming for the end user. The programmable nonvolatile memory is mainly used for program code and operating parameter storage. The multiple-layer access control is an integral part of the CPU, providing confidentiality protection to embedded digital content by controlling reading, writing, and/or execution of a code segment according to a set of user-programmed parameters. The cipher incorporates a set of cryptographic rules for data encryption and decryption with row and column manipulation for data storage. All cryptographic operations are executed in parallel with CPU run time without incurring additional latency and delay for system operation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a microcontroller designed for protection of intellectual digital content. The microcontroller includes a secure CPU, a real-time cipher, and a user programmable multi-layer access control system for internal memory realized by programmable nonvolatile memory. Programmable nonvolatile memory allows in-system and in-application programming for the end user. The programmable nonvolatile memory is mainly used for program code and operating parameter storage. The multiple-layer access control is an integral part of the CPU, providing confidentiality protection to embedded digital content by controlling reading, writing, and/or execution of a code segment according to a set of user-programmed parameters. The cipher incorporates a set of cryptographic rules for data encryption and decryption with row and column manipulation for data storage. All cryptographic operations are executed in parallel with CPU run time without incurring additional latency and delay for system operation.

Abstract: The ability of some people to perceive simulated stereoscopic images or even actual stereoscopic images can be enhanced by treating the two eyes differently. The disclosed system can enhance stereoscopic images by selectively modifying the incoming images using right/left differentiation filter. The system can also include the capability of filtering images using parameters that for which the right eye and left eye images are treated independently of each other.

Abstract: A microcontroller includes a program memory, data memory, central processing unit, at least one register module, a memory management unit, and a transport network. Instructions are executed in one clock cycle via an instruction word. The instruction word indicates the source module from which data is to be retrieved and the destination module to which data is to be stored. The address/data capability of an instruction word may be extended via a prefix module. If an operation is performed on the data, the source module or the destination module may perform the operation during the same clock cycle in which the data is transferred.

Abstract: The ability of some people to perceive simulated stereoscopic images or even actual stereoscopic images can be enhanced by treating the two eyes differently. The disclosed system can enhance stereoscopic images by selectively modifying the incoming images using right/left differentiation filter. The system can also include the capability of filtering images using parameters that for which the right eye and left eye images are treated independently of each other.

Abstract: The present application generally describes several microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) including apparatuses, devices and systems configured for actuating a microdevice such as a shutter for use in a mobile terminal camera. One preferred embodiment described herein can include an apparatus including a curtain substantially disposed in a plane; an actuator mechanically connected to the curtain; and a voltage supply electrically connected to the actuator such that in response to a predetermined voltage the actuator thermally expands and thereby causes displacement of the curtain within the plane.

Abstract: A secure microcontroller system comprising an integrated cache sub-system, crypto-engine, buffer sub-system and external memory is described according to various embodiments of the invention. The secure microcontroller incorporates block encryption methods to ensure that content communicated between the integrated microcontroller and external memory is protected and real-time performance of the system is maintained. Additionally, the microcontroller system provides a user-configurable memory write policy in which memory write protocols may be selected to balance data coherency and system performance.

Abstract: A microcontroller includes a program memory, data memory, central processing unit, at least one register module, a memory management unit, and a transport network. Instructions are executed in one clock cycle via an instruction word. The instruction word indicates the source module from which data is to be retrieved and the destination module to which data is to be stored. The address/data capability of an instruction word may be extended via a prefix module. If an operation is performed on the data, the source module or the destination module may perform the operation during the same clock cycle in which the data is transferred.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a microcontroller designed for protection of intellectual digital content. The microcontroller includes a secure CPU, a real-time cipher, and a user programmable multi-layer access control system for internal memory realized by programmable nonvolatile memory. Programmable nonvolatile memory allows in-system and in-application programming for the end user. The programmable nonvolatile memory is mainly used for program code and operating parameter storage. The multiple-layer access control is an integral part of the CPU, providing confidentiality protection to embedded digital content by controlling reading, writing, and/or execution of a code segment according to a set of user-programmed parameters. The cipher incorporates a set of cryptographic rules for data encryption and decryption with row and column manipulation for data storage. All cryptographic operations are executed in parallel with CPU run time without incurring additional latency and delay for system operation.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and arrangements enable increased security for a processor, including by implementing block encryption. The block may include multiple instructions and/or operations to be executed by the processor. The block may also include multiple bytes that are read into the processor byte by byte. Once a block-wide encrypted buffer has been filled from an external memory source, the block may be decrypted using an encryption algorithm (e.g., the Data Encryption Standard (DES), the triple DES, etc.), and the decrypted block may be forwarded to a decrypted buffer. The decrypted block may thereafter be moved into a cache, which may optionally be organized into an equivalent block width (e.g., for each way of a multi-way cache). Therefore, when a processing core/instruction decoder needs a new instruction, it may retrieve one from the cache, directly from the decrypted buffer, or from external memory (e.g., after undergoing decryption).

Abstract: Methods, systems, and arrangements enable efficient reprogramming of a memory block of a microcontroller. Two blocks of memory each have a different logical location with respect to a processor of the microcontroller. The first memory may store vector information to be executed by the processor. The second memory may store data information. The logical location of each memory block is dependent on the value of a pre-determined bit in a specified register. When a user wishes to reprogram the contents of the first memory, the user enters new code into the second memory. Upon completion, the value of the pre-determined bit is changed, and the logical locations of the first and second memories are interchanged. In effect, the newly entered code from the second memory is accessed as if it were in the first memory (e.g., from an addressing perspective), and the processor may execute the new program (e.g., after the processor undergoes a system reset).

Abstract: Methods, systems, and arrangements enable increased security for a processor, including by implementing block encryption. The block may include multiple instructions and/or operations to be executed by the processor. The block may also include multiple bytes that are read into the processor byte by byte. Once a block-wide encrypted buffer has been filled from an external memory source, the block may be decrypted using an encryption algorithm (e.g., the Data Encryption Standard (DES), the triple DES, etc.), and the decrypted block may be forwarded to a decrypted buffer. The decrypted block may thereafter be moved into a cache, which may optionally be organized into an equivalent block width (e.g., for each way of a multi-way cache). Therefore, when a processing core/instruction decoder needs a new instruction, it may retrieve one from the cache, directly from the decrypted buffer, or from external memory (e.g., after undergoing decryption).

Abstract: Methods, systems, and arrangements enable efficient reprogramming of a memory block of a microcontroller. Two blocks of memory each have a different logical location with respect to a processor of the microcontroller. The first memory may store vector information to be executed by the processor. The second memory may store data information. The logical location of each memory block is dependent on the value of a pre-determined bit in a specified register. When a user wishes to reprogram the contents of the first memory, the user enters new code into the second memory. Upon completion, the value of the pre-determined bit is changed, and the logical locations of the first and second memories are interchanged. In effect, the newly entered code from the second memory is accessed as if it were in the first memory (e.g., from an addressing perspective), and the processor may execute the new program (e.g., after the processor undergoes a system reset).

Abstract: An 8051-based style microcontroller system which is capable of using multiple data pointers while remaining compatible with 8-bit 8051 instruction-set compatible microcontrollers. A hardware feature for selecting one of two active data pointers is incorporated into the design. The design includes circuitry for incrementing/decrementing the active data pointer. Furthermore, there is included circuitry for enabling automatic incrementing/decrementing of the active data pointer.

Abstract: A microcontroller integrated circuit incorporating a user configurable pulse width modulator. The pulse width modulator circuitry is configurable to be a single, for example 32-bit pulse width modulator, or a plurality of pulse width modulators each having a bit width that is divisible by the single 32-bit pulse width modulator (e.g., 2, 4, 8 or 16-bit pulse width modulators).

Abstract: A microcontroller integrated circuit incorporating a user configurable pulse width modulator. The pulse width modulator circuitry is configurable to be a single, for example 32-bit pulse width modulator, or a plurality of pulse width modulators each having a bit width that is divisible by the single 32-bit pulse width modulator (e.g., 2, 4, 8 or 16-bit pulse width modulators).