Abstract: A method includes the steps of assembling cone-leg assemblies, rotating the cones on their respective cone-leg assemblies to predetermined orientations such that cutting structures of one of the cone-leg assemblies are clear from the cutting structures of neighboring cone-leg assemblies, and installing the cone-leg assemblies in a predetermined sequence such that the plurality of cone-leg assemblies to intermesh with each other. Another method includes the steps of thermally fitting a plurality of one piece extended mud nozzles into the bit body to form a plurality of substantially straight direct unobstructed mud laminar flow paths, inserting a plurality of guide pins in preformed locator recesses in the body, and orienting a pre-assembled cone-leg assembly to align a groove on an inner surface of the leg with one of the plurality of guide pins, while thermally fitting the cone-leg assembly into a preformed bore in the body.

Abstract: A rotating cone drill bit includes a plurality of mud nozzles extending from the bit body, which are thermally fitted by controlling the temperature differential depending on the corresponding materials, the amount of fit desired, and the diameters of the elements to be fitted and which provide substantially obstruction-free mud paths toward the wellbore bottom. The bit has a plurality of reduced diameter cutter assemblies, each having a journal projecting from a corresponding leg. The journal has at least two cylindrical bearing surfaces and an annular groove formed therebetween and a spindle. An annular retention segment is rotatably mounted in the groove. The retention segment has an outer radial surface engaging a portion of one of the bearing surfaces of the cone, and an energy beam welding area fusing substantially the entire engaging surfaces of the retention segment and the cone.

Abstract: A rotating cone drill bit includes a plurality of mud nozzles extending from the bit body, which are thermally fitted by controlling the temperature differential depending on the corresponding materials, the amount of fit desired, and the diameters of the elements to be fitted and which provide substantially obstruction-free mud paths toward the wellbore bottom. The bit has a plurality of reduced diameter cutter assemblies, each having a journal projecting from a corresponding leg. The journal has at least two cylindrical bearing surfaces and an annular groove formed therebetween and a spindle. An annular retention segment is rotatably mounted in the groove. The retention segment has an outer radial surface engaging a portion of one of the bearing surfaces of the cone, and an energy beam welding area fusing substantially the entire engaging surfaces of the retention segment and the cone.

Abstract: A method includes the steps of assembling cone-leg assemblies, rotating the cones on their respective cone-leg assemblies to predetermined orientations such that cutting structures of one of the cone-leg assemblies are clear from the cutting structures of neighboring cone-leg assemblies, and installing the cone-leg assemblies in a predetermined sequence such that the plurality of cone-leg assemblies to intermesh with each other. Another method includes the steps of thermally fitting a plurality of one piece extended mud nozzles into the bit body to form a plurality of substantially straight direct unobstructed mud laminar flow paths, inserting a plurality of guide pins in preformed locator recesses in the body, and orienting a pre-assembled cone-leg assembly to align a groove on an inner surface of the leg with one of the plurality of guide pins, while thermally fitting the cone-leg assembly into a preformed bore in the body.

Abstract: A rotating cone drill bit includes a plurality of mud nozzles extending from the bit body, which are thermally fitted by controlling the temperature differential of 300° F.-900° F. depending on the corresponding materials of the elements to be fitted, the amount of fit desired, and the diameters of the elements to be fitted and which provide substantially obstruction-free mud paths toward the wellbore bottom. The bit has a plurality of reduced diameter cutter assemblies, each having a journal projecting from a corresponding leg. The journal has at least two cylindrical bearing surfaces and an annular groove formed therebetween and a spindle. An annular retention segment is rotatably mounted in the groove. The retention segment has an outer radial surface engaging a portion of one of the bearing surfaces of the cone, and an energy beam welding area fusing substantially the entire engaging surfaces of the retention segment and the cone.

Abstract: A rotating cone drill bit includes a plurality of mud nozzles extending from the bit body, which are thermally fitted by controlling the temperature differential of 300° F.-900° F. depending on the corresponding materials of the elements to be fitted, the amount of fit desired, and the diameters of the elements to be fitted and which provide substantially obstruction-free mud paths toward the wellbore bottom. The bit has a plurality of reduced diameter cutter assemblies, each having a journal projecting from a corresponding leg. The journal has at least two cylindrical bearing surfaces and an annular groove formed therebetween and a spindle. An annular retention segment is rotatably mounted in the groove. The retention segment has an outer radial surface engaging a portion of one of the bearing surfaces of the cone, and an energy beam welding area fusing substantially the entire engaging surfaces of the retention segment and the cone.

Abstract: A rotary cone rock bit featuring a reproducible geometry and a one piece body is disclosed. Individual journal members, supporting rotary cutting cones, have upwardly extending structural shanks which are radially oriented and installed into downwardly directed individual hubs formed by the structural body of the rock bit. The shanks are subsequently secured as installed within the hubs. The primary controls over bit geometry comprise the radial orientation of the individual journal member, and the radial location of the individual hubs relative to the vertical bit body centerline.

Abstract: A rotary rock cutter cone is rotatively supported while being axially located and retained on a cooperating cantilevered journal shaft depending from a rock bit body by plain friction bearing means.A primary stationary thrust face is provided by a radially extending surface of the journal shaft adjacent the distal end of the journal shaft.An annular ring, fitted about the journal shaft, forms a gland for housing a grease seal which impinges upon the journal shaft. A radially extending distal surface of the annular ring runs in cooperation with a radially extending stationary thrust face formed by a secondary thrust member. The secondary thrust member is axially secured to the journal shaft thus axially trapping the annular ring adjacent to the supported end of the journal shaft.A radial bearing bore centrally enters the base of the cone and extends to a radially extending primary thrust bearing surface within the cone.

Abstract: In a lost foam investment casting process, the foam pattern is vacuum evaporated from the mold prior to pouring the metal.

Abstract: A method of providing a selected bearing couple in a journal bearing of a rotary rock bit is described, wherein differential thermal expansion is used to mate a thin walled bushing of a chosen bearing alloy to one of the steel structural members. A pre-finished and pre-heat treated thin walled bushing is formed of the desired bearing alloy. Very little valuable space is required by the thin walled bushing. The use of arc-deposited metal, press fitting, or of loose parts is avoided, and many potential bearing alloys are adaptable as candidates for use in such a bushing.

Abstract: A seal system for closing the running clearance between two relatively rotating structural members, wherein an elastomeric annular packing ring has a first annular portion pressed into an undersized annular locking channel, formed by and within one structural member, so as to retain the ring immovably therein, and thus to distend the remaining second annular portion of the ring, which is now dynamically and internally biased, across an open working chamber into impingement upon the smooth annular sealing surface of the opposing structural member to achieve an activated seal which is operable over large relative excursions of the structural members.

Abstract: A chemically implemented method is disclosed for producing structural connections between pairs of members, a portion of the first member being telescoped within an opening formed by and within the second member, such connections being substantially comparable in strength and rigidity to connections produced by forced fit or by thermal shrinkage methods.Members are formed to provide for mutual fits which may range from "coarse clearance fit" to "light push fit", allowing generally for hand assembly. Prior to assembly the interfacing surfaces are coated with simple ferrous oxide. After assembly the members are clamped or supported temporarily to provide immobility to the joint during the expansive conversion of simple ferrous oxide to higher levels of ferric oxide via the introduction of hydrogen peroxide solution of at least 15% concentration into the interstices of the joint. The clamp or support is then removed leaving a strong and compressively impacted joint.

Abstract: A method of securing hard-metal, insert type, rock cutting teeth into the supporting structures of rock bits is described, wherein the thermal expansion characteristics of the materials of the supporting structure, and of the hard-metal teeth, with widely differential temperatures, are relied upon to relatively enlarge the dimensions of undersized retention bores formed by and within the supporting structure with respect to the dimensions of insertable rock cutting teeth, thus permitting insertion of the rock cutting teeth into the undersized retention bores. Subsequent equalization of the temperature of the assembly will tightly retain such teeth within the retention bores.

Abstract: A disposable individual serving dual compartment package for comestibles is disclosed, having a first compartment for a bread portion and a second compartment for a liquid portion, being directed toward the packaging of communion elements for use in religious services.

Abstract: A disposable individual serving dual compartment package for comestibles is disclosed, having a first compartment for a bread portion and a second compartment for a liquid portion, it is directed toward the packaging of communion elements for use in religious services.

Abstract: A chemically implemented method is disclosed for producing structural connections between pairs of members, a portion of the first member being telescoped within an opening formed by and within the second member, such connections being substantially comparable in strength and rigidity to connections produced by forced fit or by thermal shrinkage methods.Members are formed to provide for mutual fits which may range from "course clearance fit" to "light push fit", allowing generally for hand assembly. Prior to assembly the interfacing surfaces are coated with simple ferrous oxide. After assembly the members are clamped or supported temporarily to provide immobility to the joint during the expansive conversion of simple ferrous oxide to higher levels of ferric oxide via the introduction of strong hydrogen peroxide into the interstices of the joint. The clamp or support is then removed leaving a strong and compressively impacted joint.

Abstract: An unsegmented structure for a rotary rock bit is disclosed comprising a one piece body of spring steel wherein individual journal members after being assembled with associated rotary rock cutters are interference fit to the free ends of downwardly directed leaf spring draw bars depending from the lower periphery of the pin end flange, to provide resistance to damage from transcient forces.A high capacity laminar flow hydraulic system which uses no nozzles delivers drilling fluid to the bore hole bottom and produces a low pressure region at that location via the Bernoulli effect to provide positive chip cleaning and flushing.

Abstract: A friction bearing is disclosed, intended for very heavy duty use, for example, as in rotary cone rock bits.In a pair of structural members having cooperating load bearing surfaces, one such cooperating surface is interrupted by a fine grid of small grooves formed therein to retain lubricant and to produce, over the total bearing surface, the turbulent hydraulic environment normally found only along the line of formation of a hydro-dynamic lubricant film. An extension of the useful life expectancy of the bearing is claimed by thus postponing degradation of the bearing surfaces by metal transfer therebetween due to failure of the hydro-dynamic lubricant film.

Abstract: An improved retention and thrust bearing system for accurately retaining and locating a rotary rock cutter cone upon a journal shaft supported by a rock bit body is disclosed.A rotary rock cutter cone is rotatively supported on a cooperating journal shaft by plain friction bearing means.A pair of complimentary symmetrical and substantially rectangular annularly arranged grooves are formed in the bearing surfaces of both the rotary cutter and the journal shaft at matching positions intermediate the length of the friction bearing.A multiplicity of retention and thrust bearing elements each having a thickness predetermined to substantially fill the mated grooves in intimate sliding relationship thereto, are assembled into the mated grooves via a small bore formed longitudinally within the journal shaft, having an entrance in the supported end of the cantilevered journal shaft and an exit intersecting the floor of the annular groove in the journal shaft.