Abstract: A computer-implemented method of using affinity profiles to determine at least one audience category that is expected to consume a selected item of content at one or more selected time periods, the method comprises: obtaining affinity profiles for a plurality of users of a content distribution system, wherein each affinity profile comprises at least one selected affinity category or affinity category score, and the affinity categories are selected from a stored set of affinity categories, each representing a user's affinity for a respective subject area; monitoring consumption of items of content or other activity of the users for different time periods; determine the likelihood of, or an expected audience measure for, the selected item of content being consumed during the or each selected time period based on the affinity profiles and the monitored consumption of content or other activity for the different time periods.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method of determining an affinity profile for a temporary and/or anonymous user of a content distribution system, comprises: monitoring activity of the temporary and/or anonymous user comprising identifying content selected for viewing by the user; obtaining metadata concerning the selected items of content, the metadata representing at least some properties of the selected items of content; generating a user record for the user, the user record comprising or representing the user activity and/or the associated content metadata; processing the user record to generate an affinity profile for the user based on the user record, the affinity profile comprising at least one selected affinity category or affinity category score, wherein the affinity categories are selected from a stored set of affinity categories, each representing a user's affinity for a respective subject area.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method of determining affinity profiles, comprises: for each of a plurality of user devices, monitoring user activity including identifying content selected for viewing by the user of the user device; obtaining metadata concerning the selected items of content, the metadata representing at least some properties of the selected items of content; generating or updating a user record for the user, the user record comprising or representing the user activity and/or the associated content metadata; processing the user record to generate an affinity profile for the user based on the user record, the affinity profile comprising at least one selected affinity category or affinity category score, wherein the affinity categories are selected from a stored set of affinity categories, each representing a user's affinity for a respective subject area.

Abstract: In various examples, the subject matter of this disclosure relates to a method and a system for producing metallic iron. An example method includes: obtaining bio-oil; obtaining iron ore fines; providing the bio-oil to a gasifier to produce syngas from the bio-oil, the syngas including tar and/or particulate; and providing the syngas and the iron ore fines to a fluidized bed reactor where iron oxide in the iron ore fines is at least partially reduced using the syngas.

Abstract: In various examples, the subject matter of this disclosure relates to methods and systems for producing graphite. An example method includes: obtaining biochar; forming the biochar into a pellet; immersing the pellet and an anode in a molten salt electrolyte; and applying a voltage difference across the pellet and the anode to form graphite.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method of using affinity profiles to determine at least one audience category that is expected to consume a selected content item type, the method comprises: obtaining affinity profiles for a plurality of users of a content distribution system, wherein each affinity profile comprises at least one selected affinity category or affinity category score, and the affinity categories are selected from a stored set of affinity categories, each representing a user's affinity for a respective subject area; monitoring consumption of selected items of content of the selected type to determine which of the users consumed the items of content of the selected type; determine an audience that is expected to consume the items of content of the selected type based on the affinity profiles of the users that were determined to have consumed the selected items of content.

Abstract: In various examples, the subject matter of this disclosure relates to a method and a system for reducing iron oxide to produce metallic iron. An example method includes: providing a fuel including at least one of bio-oil or fast pyrolysis biochar, feeding the fuel into a blast furnace containing iron oxide; gasifying the fuel to produce reducing gases; and reducing the iron oxide in the blast furnace using the reducing gases to produce metallic iron.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method of determining affinity profiles, comprises: for each of a plurality of user devices, monitoring user activity including identifying television content selected for viewing by the user of the user device; obtaining metadata concerning the selected items of television content, the metadata representing at least some properties of the selected items of television content; generating or updating a user record for the user, the user record comprising or representing the user activity and/or the associated content metadata; processing the user record to generate an affinity profile for the user based on the user record, the affinity profile comprising at least one selected affinity category or affinity category score, wherein the affinity categories are selected from a stored set of affinity categories, each representing a user's affinity for a respective subject area.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method of targeting users based on content consumption comprises: for each of a plurality of users, monitoring user activity including identifying content selected for viewing by the users; obtaining metadata concerning the selected items of content, the metadata representing at least some properties of the selected items of content; generating or updating a user record for each user, the user record comprising or representing the user activity and/or the associated content metadata; and identifying users that have below a threshold level of user activity.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a mobile pyrolysis plant and related systems and methods. An example method includes: providing a mobile pyrolyzer configured to traverse a field where biomass is grown; providing harvested biomass to the mobile pyrolyzer as the mobile pyrolyzer traverses the field; subjecting the harvested biomass to a fast pyrolysis process in the mobile pyrolyzer to generate biochar, bio-oil, and syngas as the mobile pyrolyzer traverses the field; and applying the biochar to the field as the mobile pyrolyzer traverses the field.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a mobile pyrolysis plant and related systems and methods. An example method includes: providing a mobile pyrolyzer configured to traverse a field where biomass is grown; providing harvested biomass to the mobile pyrolyzer as the mobile pyrolyzer traverses the field; subjecting the harvested biomass to a fast pyrolysis process in the mobile pyrolyzer to generate biochar, bio-oil, and syngas as the mobile pyrolyzer traverses the field; and applying the biochar to the field as the mobile pyrolyzer traverses the field.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method of using affinity profiles to determine at least one audience category that is expected to consume a selected item of content, the method comprises: obtaining affinity profiles for a plurality of users of a content distribution system, wherein each affinity profile comprises at least one selected affinity category or affinity category score, and the affinity categories are selected from a stored set of affinity categories, each representing a user's affinity for a respective subject area; determine an audience that is expected to consume the selected item of content based on the affinity profiles of the users.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method of determining affinity profiles, comprises: for each of a plurality of user devices, monitoring user activity including identifying television content selected for viewing by the user of the user device; obtaining metadata concerning the selected items of television content, the metadata representing at least some properties of the selected items of television content; generating or updating a user record for the user, the user record comprising or representing the user activity and/or the associated content metadata; processing the user record to generate an affinity profile for the user based on the user record, the affinity profile comprising at least one selected affinity category or affinity category score, wherein the affinity categories are selected from a stored set of affinity categories, each representing a user's affinity for a respective subject area.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to methods and systems for injecting and/or sequestering carbon-containing materials in underground wells, and, in some examples, for using the carbon-containing materials for enhanced oil recovery and well abandonment. An example method includes: obtaining a mixture including biochar particles and a liquid; and providing the mixture for injection into an underground well.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method of determining affinity profiles, comprises: for each of a plurality of user devices, monitoring user activity including identifying content selected for viewing by the user of the user device; obtaining metadata concerning the selected items of content, the metadata representing at least some properties of the selected items of content; generating or updating a user record for the user, the user record comprising or representing the user activity and/or the associated content metadata; processing the user record to generate an affinity profile for the user based on the user record, the affinity profile comprising at least one selected affinity category or affinity category score, wherein the affinity categories are selected from a stored set of affinity categories, each representing a user's affinity for a respective subject area.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method of determining an affinity profile for a temporary and/or anonymous user of a content distribution system, comprises: monitoring activity of the temporary and/or anonymous user comprising identifying content selected for viewing by the user; obtaining metadata concerning the selected items of content, the metadata representing at least some properties of the selected items of content; generating a user record for the user, the user record comprising or representing the user activity and/or the associated content metadata; processing the user record to generate an affinity profile for the user based on the user record, the affinity profile comprising at least one selected affinity category or affinity category score, wherein the affinity categories are selected from a stored set of affinity categories, each representing a user's affinity for a respective subject area.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method of targeting users based on content consumption comprises: for each of a plurality of users, monitoring user activity including identifying content selected for viewing by the users; obtaining metadata concerning the selected items of content, the metadata representing at least some properties of the selected items of content; generating or updating a user record for each user, the user record comprising or representing the user activity and/or the associated content metadata; and identifying users that have below a threshold level of user activity.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method of using affinity profiles to determine at least one audience category that is expected to consume a selected content item type, the method comprises: obtaining affinity profiles for a plurality of users of a content distribution system, wherein each affinity profile comprises at least one selected affinity category or affinity category score, and the affinity categories are selected from a stored set of affinity categories, each representing a user's affinity for a respective subject area; monitoring consumption of selected items of content of the selected type to determine which of the users consumed the items of content of the selected type; determine an audience that is expected to consume the items of content of the selected type based on the affinity profiles of the users that were determined to have consumed the selected items of content.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method of determining affinity profiles, comprises: for each of a plurality of user devices, monitoring user activity including identifying television content selected for viewing by the user of the user device; obtaining metadata concerning the selected items of television content, the metadata representing at least some properties of the selected items of television content; generating or updating a user record for the user, the user record comprising or representing the user activity and/or the associated content metadata; processing the user record to generate an affinity profile for the user based on the user record, the affinity profile comprising at least one selected affinity category or affinity category score, wherein the affinity categories are selected from a stored set of affinity categories, each representing a user's affinity for a respective subject area.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method of using affinity profiles to determine at least one audience category that is expected to consume a selected item of content, the method comprises: obtaining affinity profiles for a plurality of users of a content distribution system, wherein each affinity profile comprises at least one selected affinity category or affinity category score, and the affinity categories are selected from a stored set of affinity categories, each representing a user's affinity for a respective subject area; determine an audience that is expected to consume the selected item of content based on the affinity profiles of the users.