Abstract: An electromagnet used to operate a valve comprises an armature guided in a coil carrying body and equipped with an annular flange projecting into a recess in a buffer body with opposed limit faces to brake the movement of the armature in one direction before abutment of the pole faces and in the other direction a sealing of the valve opening. In the latter braking action the armature does not impact against the sealing surface due to a spring abutment of the valve member against the armature. The new electromagnet achieves a comparatively high degree of switch operation frequencies.

Abstract: In electromagnetic clutches or brakes in which the armature closes against the pole pieces of the coil without leaving an air gap, the faces of the poles or armature, or both, are broken up into smaller areas by annular grooves to reduce the lodgement and retention of contaminating and magnetically inhibiting particles resulting from wear.