Abstract: A cell culture container includes: an insert member having a membrane on which a cell is seeded, the insert member defining a first inner space that functions as an anaerobic chamber; a container having an attachment/detachment portion to and from which the insert member is attachable and detachable, the container defining a second inner space that functions as an aerobic chamber; a sealing member that closes an opening of the aerobic chamber between the attachment/detachment portion and the insert member with the insert member being attached to the attachment/detachment portion; and a transfer mechanism that transfers force to the sealing member. The sealing member closes the opening in response to an input of the force from the transfer mechanism.

Abstract: A cell suction support system includes: an image acquisition unit that acquires a microscopic image of a group of cells in a cell container; an image processor that uses the microscopic image to calculate a characteristic amount of each cell, and detects a cell having a characteristic amount that satisfies a predetermined condition; a display that displays information concerning the group of cells so that the detected cell is distinguishable; and a movement controller that moves the cell container so that a designated specific cell is placed at a predetermined suction position, while moving a suction tip to the suction position.

Abstract: A cell suction support system includes: an image acquisition unit that acquires a microscopic image of a group of cells in a cell container; an image processor that uses the microscopic image to calculate a characteristic amount of each cell, and detects a cell having a characteristic amount that satisfies a predetermined condition; a display that displays information concerning the group of cells so that the detected cell is distinguishable; and a movement controller that moves the cell container so that a designated specific cell is placed at a predetermined suction position, while moving a suction tip to the suction position.

Abstract: A clock signal distributing system supplies clock signals exhibiting extremely matched phases as a standing wave without employing extra signals such as a reference signal and the like other than clock signal itself. The system compensates for a phase lag in clock signal sand attenuation in signal amplitude. As a result, clock signals exhibiting extremely matched phases are supplied up to the places to be distributed at the respective terminals without requiring equal-length wiring on, for example, a semiconductor chip. The clock signal distributing system is composed of an electromagnetic transmission path line which transmits periodic clock signals as a standing wave, an amplifier, and a phase advancing unit which advances phases of the periodic clock signals wherein a phase lag in transmission of clock signals and a phase lag in amplitude of the amplifier are corrected in the phase advancing direction by the phase advancing unit.

Abstract: A magnetometer comprising a superconducting loop including a magnetic flux detecting coil and a SQUID (Superconducting QUantum Interference Device) connected to the superconducting loop via magnetic flux. A negative inductance generating device is provided having two terminals for generating a negative inductance defined by the value of the derivative of generalized magnetic flux between the two terminals with current flowing between the terminals (d.PHI./dI) being negative. The inductance of the superconducting loop is decreased by the negative inductance generating device and input signals intensified by the negative inductance generating device are detected by the SQUID. A plurality of the superconducting loops may be provided to construct a gradiometer and a variable negative inductance generating device is provided to the respective superconducting loop to equalize and intensify the sensitivities of the detection coils.

Abstract: A high-sensitive magnetometer has two SQUIDs each comprising a superconducting loop with one or more Josephson junctions and also has a coil comprising a continuous loop for providing magnetic flux of input signals to each of the SQUIDs in opposite directions. The magnetic flux of the input signals is detected by sums of output voltages of the SQUIDs. Magnetic flux noises equally applied on the two SQUID are cancelled by the continuous loop and at addition of the output voltages of the SQUIDs, thus large output signals can be obtained because sums of the two SQUID output signals are obtained.

Abstract: A sampling type measuring device wherein an analog signal is measured by sampling the analog signal, converting each value obtained by sampling into digital form, and then processing the digital values. Exponential averaging calculation is performed directly on the digital values. Thus, no provision or time is needed to regulate the sampling period, thereby shortening the time required to perform measurement.

Abstract: A magnetic field measurement system including a pick-up coil is not moved but fixed. Strips of superconducting material are arranged in a plane with narrow slits between the strips. The strips are moved very near the pick-up coil along the plane. From output variations of a SQUID magnetometer during the movement, a magnitude of a static field perpendicular to the plane of the strips is obtained.

Abstract: In a refrigerator having a compressor settled in a room temperature portion and an expander which is connected to the room temperature portion, a piston of the expander is settled in the room temperature portion and pressure variation at a low temperature portion is transferred to the piston through a gas column in a pipe connecting the room temperature portion and the low temperature portion.

Abstract: A sampling type measuring device wherein an analog signal is measured by sampling the analog signal, converting each value obtained by sampling into digital form, and then processing the digital values. Exponential averaging calculation is performed directly on the digital values. Thus, no provision or time is needed to regulate the sampling period, thereby shortening the time required to perform measurement.

Abstract: A superconducting logic circuit is configured by using two kinds of input-output type quantum flux parametrons (QFP), that is, a periodically excited input-output type QFP and an arbitrarily excited input-output type QFP. The periodically excited QFP is excited by periodically varying exciting magnetic flux to amplify a binary magnetic flux. The arbitrarily excited QFP is excited by magnetic flux output signals of upstream QFPs.

Abstract: A head with a pick-up coil is attached to a supporter so that the head is freely movable along the direction perpendicular to the surface of a superconductor. Fluid spouted from the spout hole of the head maintains the height (gap space) of the head from the surface. The head is firmly fixed to the supporter in the direction along the surface. Since the relative position of the head in the direction along the surface of the superconductor is changable by drive means for moving the superconductor or the head, the distribution of the magnetic flux which is trapped in the superconductor is measured by scanning the surface of the superconductor with pick-up coil.

Abstract: There is provided a quantum flux parametron-type superconducting circuit in which a path with a Josephson device is connected in parallel with exciting inductors of the quantum flux parametron or inductors of exciting line magnetically coupled with the exciting inductors, thereby constructing a phase regulator.

Abstract: A superconducting current detecting circuit which comprises a reference current generation circuit for generating a reference current and a DC flux parametron circuit for comparing an input current to be detected with the reference current to thereby produce pulses in synchronism with an input excitation signal, the number of the pulses being varied in accordance with a difference between the input current and the reference current, the pulses having positive or negative values depending on the polarity of the difference, the reference current generation circuit having means for increasing or decreasing the reference current by a quantity corresponding to the number of the pulses in response to the polarity of the pulses so that reference current generation circuit produces the reference current which agrees with the input current.

Abstract: A sensitive magnetometer for determining the strength of a very weak magnetic field having at least one Josephson junction through which current induced by the magnetic field and modulated in accordance with a modulation magnetic flux which varies periodically, is conducted. Harmonic separating means separately detects a selected even harmonic component from the current flowing in the Josephson junction to obviate the need for null flux calibration.

Abstract: A superconducting switching circuit comprises a DCFP circuit composed of two Josephson junction elements constituting two current paths, respectively. Each of the current paths includes a resistor for suppressing resonance. A memory cell constituted by the DCFP circuit includes three Josephson junction elements constituting three current paths, respectively. Each of the current paths includes a resistor for suppressing resonance. A memory circuit comprises a number of memory cells of such a structure.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fluxoid type superconducting logic element essentially comprising a pair of SQUIDs connected with each other so as to put one of said SQUIDs into its "firing state" and the other into its "extinction state" in response to an input signal in the form of magnetic flux, thereby representing a binary digit at its output terminals.

Abstract: A fluxoid type superconducting logic element essentially comprises a single main superconductor loop and a switching element connected across the main superconductor loop. When the switching element is open, a permanent current flows in the main superconductor loop of the logic element at a cryogenic temperature, thereby sustaining a half-odd integer multiple of magnetic flux unit in each half of said main loop. When a small amount of input magnetic flux is applied to one half of the main loop and the switch is closed, the distribution of the magnetic flux varies according to the quantum theory to allow an integer multiple of magnetic flux to occupy each separated domain of the main loop. These two different magnetic flux distributions can be used to represent a binary state.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improvement of method and apparatus for varying the cross-section of a beam of electrically charged particles and projecting the so-varied beam onto the target. Passing through a plurality of apertured masks one after another, a beam of electrically charged particles is so deflected that the image of the overlapping area of the apertures of the masks appears on a target. According to this invention a beam of charged particles is deflected between two subsequent masks upstream so as to reduce the amount of beam current to that which is required in forming a desired image on the target, and the so-reduced beam is deflected between two subsequent masks downstream so as to trim and shape the cross-section of the beam into the exact and sharp contour as desired.The method and apparatus for varying and projecting a beam of electrically charged particles according to this invention are particularly useful in producing microcircuits.

Abstract: An electron beam with a cross-section shaped by two aperture plates and a deflector sequentially irradiates pattern areas within a plurality of unit squares on a workpiece in the X and Y directions. The workpiece is continuously shifted in the Y direction by a mechanical means, the amount of workpiece shift being detected to control the deflector and the shaping of said beam cross-section.