Abstract: A vehicular electronic control apparatus includes a mother unit having a microcomputer, a plurality of ECU modules connected to the mother unit detachably and configured to execute respective vehicle controls, an operation data communication section for communicating with the microcomputer operation data used by the plurality of ECU modules in executing respective control operation processing, and alternative operation execution section for causing at least one of the other ECU modules and the microcomputer to execute, as an alternative operation, at least a part of the arithmetic operation processing, which is to be executed by at least one of the plurality of the ECU modules.

Abstract: A control circuit board has a plurality of connectors that can connect each control module circuit board to control a plurality of in-vehicle equipment. A power supply circuit board has a power supply circuit that controls a power supply from a battery to a controlled equipment of the control module circuit boards connected with each connector. The control circuit board and the power supply circuit board are electrically connected and accommodated in a case. When the control module circuit boards are connected with any connector of the control circuit board, the power supply circuit is controlled by the control module and it becomes possible to control the controlled equipment such as engines.

Abstract: A vehicular electronic control apparatus includes a mother unit having a microcomputer, a plurality of ECU modules connected to the mother unit detachably and configured to execute respective vehicle controls, an operation data communication section for communicating with the microcomputer operation data used by the plurality of ECU modules in executing respective control operation processing, and alternative operation execution section for causing at least one of the other ECU modules and the microcomputer to execute, as an alternative operation, at least a part of the arithmetic operation processing, which is to be executed by at least one of the plurality of the ECU modules.

Abstract: A control circuit board has a plurality of connectors that can connect each control module circuit board to control a plurality of in-vehicle equipment. A power supply circuit board has a power supply circuit that controls a power supply from a battery to a controlled equipment of the control module circuit boards connected with each connector. The control circuit board and the power supply circuit board are electrically connected and accommodated in a case. When the control module circuit boards are connected with any connector of the control circuit board, the power supply circuit is controlled by the control module and it becomes possible to control the controlled equipment such as engines.

Abstract: A brine-type cooling apparatus applied to a vehicle equipped with a vehicle air conditioning case 11, a blower 13, and an air conditioner control ECU 23 as air conditioner controlling means, said brine type cooling apparatus comprising a heat absorbing member 8 for absorbing heat from an electronic equipment 7, a heat radiating member 2 for discharging the absorbed heat, a brine pipeline 6 and a circulation pump 9, and a cooling apparatus control ECU 30 as cooling apparatus controlling means. Even when the air conditioner control ECU 23 stops the blower 13 as air conditioner control, an air flow rate is controlled to set an airflow rate of the blower 13 to a predetermined flow rate based on the brine temperature detected by an inlet water temperature sensor 32.

Abstract: A load calculator detects a specific electric amount separately from an essential electric amount. The specific electric amount represents an electric power consumption of specific electric loads including at least one economizable electric load which is selectively turned on and off so as to serve as an objective to be economized in power consumption. The essential electric amount represents an electric power consumption of essential electric loads which are not economizable and essentially required for driving an automotive vehicle. A power saving promoting element promotes power saving by reducing power consumption in the economizable electric load with reference to the specific electric amount.

Abstract: To simplify the assembling of a vehicular cockpit module assembly, an instrument panel and its peripheral devices are divided into a plurality of sub module assemblies each of which having a corresponding main device. Each of the assemblies is assembled as a unit, and then the assemblies are mutually assembled. The assembling of each sub module assembly is completed to form a unit in advance.

Abstract: A load calculator detects a specific electric amount separately from an essential electric amount. The specific electric amount represents an electric power consumption of specific electric loads including at least one economizable electric load which is selectively turned on and off so as to serve as an objective to be economized in power consumption. The essential electric amount represents an electric power consumption of essential electric loads which are not economizable and essentially required for driving an automotive vehicle. A power saving promoting element promotes power saving by reducing power consumption in the economizable electric load with reference to the specific electric amount.

Abstract: To simplify the assembling of a vehicular cockpit module assembly, an instrument panel and its peripheral devices are divided into a plurality of sub module assemblies each of which having a corresponding main device. Each of the assemblies is assembled as a unit, and then the assemblies are mutually assembled. The assembling of each sub module assembly is completed to form a unit in advance.

Abstract: In a resin composite, polyolefine grains are dispersed in a polyamide matrix. Each of the polyolefine grains has a core made of an unmodified polyolefine and a shell made of another polyolefine that is modified. In one embodiment, the core is made of a crystalline polypropylene resin (C), and the shell is made of modified copolymer (B) having ethylene units and .alpha.-olefine units. The modified copolymer (B) may have the .alpha.-olefine units as a major component. The resin composite has 30 to 80 percents by weight of polyamide (A), 1 to 30 percents by weight of the modified copolymer (B), and 19 to 69 percents by weight of the crystalline polypropylene resin (C) wherein the sum of the polyamide, the modified copolymer, and the crystalline propylene resin is 100 percents by weight. In another embodiment, the core is made of an unmodified copolymer (E) having ethylene units and .alpha.-olefine units, and the shell is made of a modified crystalline polypropylene resin (D).

Abstract: A process of producing a porous polypropylene hollow fiber or film which comprises a step for forming a large number of micropores in the surrounding wall of said fiber or in said film by drawing a polypropylene hollow fiber or film, which is characterized in that the drawing process is performed at a temperature in the range of 110.degree.-155.degree. C. and at a drawing rate of less than 10%/min.

Abstract: This microporous film has an approximately uniform configuration in which the intervals between slender fibrils extend approximately two-dimensionally which are connected to each other between adjacent unstretched planar flat portions to define fine through-pores, and the distribution of pore size is sharp and the porosity is high. Accordingly, the microporous film excels in water filtration rate and selective separating capability and is suitable for use as filter membrane, separator membrane, gas exchange membrane, and a battery separator.

Abstract: A portable water-purifying means comprising an oblong pump room containing a hand pump therein and an oblong water-purifying room containing a water-purifying means therein and being equipped on its upper side with a water outlet in a casing equipped with a water inlet. The pump room and the water-purifying room are arranged in parallel to each other with a partition separating the two rooms, and these rooms communicate with each other through a passage arranged on their bottom sides. The water inlet and the passage are provided respectively with check valves which operates to limit flow of water to the direction from the inlet to the water-purifying room.

Abstract: A throttle control apparatus for engines comprises two throttle actuators for driving two corresponding main and sub throttle valves mounted in series in an intake pipe of an engine. An observer, to which the modern control theory is applied, presumes an opening degree of the main throttle valve in a normal condition, which occurs a predetermined time later, from an accelerator depression amount, which represents a throttle opening command, and an opening degree (angular position) of the main throttle valve. A failure detector quickly finds, from a deviation between the presumed opening degree of the throttle valve at the predetermined later time and an actual opening degree of the main throttle valve, that the main throttle valve has failed. When a failure occurs, the control of the sub throttle valve is started, making it possible to effect the throttle opening control with improved reliability.

Abstract: The improvement in a porous hollow fiber having a large number of micropores in its surrounding wall, in which walls of said pores are coated with an essentially water-insoluble alkylcellulose derivative such as ethylcellulose, carboxymethylethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate or hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate, or poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate).

Abstract: A filter apparatus comprises a housing having a liquid entrance, a liquid exit, and two tubes protruding from a wall of the housing into an inner space of the housing. The tubes have openings which face each other and have at least one perforation or side opening on their walls, one of the liquid entrance and the liquid exit being connected to one of the tubes. The detachable filter cartridge comprises an outer perforated cylinder, an inner non-perforated cylinder, the outer cylinder being connected to the inner cylinder in coaxial relationship such that a respective end space for receiving a liquid is formed inside each end of the outer cylinder. A bundle of porous hollow fibers is connected between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder such that openings at both opposite ends of the hollow fibers open to allow passage of liquid from one end space for receiving liquid to another end space via the hollow fibers.

Abstract: In apparatus for controlling speed of a vehicle having an internal combustion engine and a power transmission mechanism as a controlled object, intake airflow, vehicle speed are detected and then an air-fuel mixture supply is controlled so that the vehicle travelling speed approaches a given cruising speed. The cruising speed is set in accordance with detected vehicle speed, while a target intake airflow is set to correspond to minimum fuel amount capable of maintaining the cruising speed on the basis of a pattern of correlation between fuel amount and intake airflow predetermined in correspondence with the cruising speed. The apparatus comprises an integral-added optimal regulator for determining feedback amount(s) of controlled variable(s) of the air-fuel mixture supply unit on the basis of operating equation(s) used for estimating internal state of the controlled object predetermined in accordance with a dynamic model of the system relating to the controlled object.

Abstract: Disclosed is a brake control system for a motor vehicle comprising a wheel braking device (M5) for providing the braking of a wheel of the vehicle in accordance with pressure, a braking pressure adjusting device (M6) for adjusting the braking pressure applied to the wheel braking device (M5), a detector (M4) for detecting a rotational state of the wheel, a rotational state setting device (M8) for setting an optimally rotational state of the wheel in according with an operating condition of the vehicle, and a control unit (M9) for feedback-controlling the braking pressure adjusting device (M6) so that the detected rotational state is equal to the set rotational state.The control unit (M9) is constructed as an integral-added optimal regulator which controls the braking pressure adjusting device (M6) on the basis of an optimal feedback gain predetermined in accordance with a dynamic model of a system relating to the brake of the vehicle.

Abstract: The required rate of acceleration of a vehicle is detected. The speed of the vehicle is detected. The rotational speed of a vehicle driving wheel is detected. An air adjusting device adjusts the rate of air flow into a vehicle powering engine in accordance with an adjustable controlled quantity. A target rotational speed is determined on the basis of the detected required acceleration rate. The controlled quantity of the air adjusting device is feedback-controlled so that the detected rotational speed of the driving wheel essentially equals the target rotational speed. The output torque of the engine is estimated in accordance with the detected rotational speed of the driving wheel and the controlled quantity of the air adjusting device.

Abstract: The vehicle height control apparatus according to the present invention comprises, vehicle height detecting unit (M3) provided at an appropriate position of a vehicle (M1) for detecting the distance between a body (M2) of the vehicle (M1) and the surface of road; vehicle height adjusting members (M5) provided between the body (M2) of the vehicle (M1) and wheels (M4) of the vehicle (M1) for adjusting the height of the a vehicle (M1); vehicle height control unit (M6) for obtaining controlled variable of the vehicle height adjusting members (M5) so that the actual vehicle height detected by the vehicle height detecting unit (M3) equals the predetermined target height and for driving the vehicle height adjusting members (M5), the vehicle height control unit (M6) being formed as an integral-added optimal regulator which determines the controlled variable of the vehicle height adjusting members (M5) on the basis of an optimal feedback gain predetermined in accordance with dynamic model of the system relating to the