Abstract: A method for producing a thermodynamically more stable clathrate compound including at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1,1,2,2-tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane, 5-hydroxyisophthalic acid, and 5-nitroisophthalic acid as a host compound and an imidazole compound as a guest compound. The method for producing a clathrate compound includes: a mixing step of mixing a mixed solvent including a protic solvent, at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1,1,2,2-tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane, 5-hydroxyisophthalic acid and 5-nitroisophthalic acid, and an imidazole compound; and a heating step.

Abstract: A method for producing a thermodynamically more stable clathrate compound including at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1,1,2,2-tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane, 5-hydroxyisophthalic acid, and 5-nitroisophthalic acid as a host compound and an imidazole compound as a guest compound. The method for producing a clathrate compound includes: a mixing step of mixing a mixed solvent including a protic solvent, at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1,1,2,2-tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane, 5-hydroxyisophthalic acid and 5-nitroisophthalic acid, and an imidazole compound; and a heating step.

Abstract: A solution for forming an organic thin film wherein the total starting amount of metal surfactants (A) and (B) is 0.05 to 50 wt %, the amount of a hydroxyl group-containing compound generated with the progress of the hydrolysis reaction is 20 ppm to 6 wt %, and the amount of a compound (C) that can interact with the metal surfactant is 0.01 ppm to 8 ppm in terms of metal, relative to the total amount of the solution for forming an organic thin film.

Abstract: A solution for forming an organic thin film wherein the total starting amount of metal surfactants (A) and (B) is 0.05 to 50 wt %, the amount of a hydroxyl group-containing compound generated with the progress of the hydrolysis reaction is 20 ppm to 6 wt %, and the amount of a compound (C) that can interact with the metal surfactant is 0.01 ppm to 8 ppm in terms of metal, relative to the total amount of the solution for forming an organic thin film.

Abstract: A method is provided for forming an organic thin film comprising: 1) preparing a hydroxyl group-containing solution by mixing the following (a), (b) and (c) so that the total amount of (A) and (B) in the hydroxyl group-containing solution becomes 0.1 wt% to 80 wt%, and conducting hydrolysis to generate a hydroxyl group-containing compound; a) an adjuvant for forming an organic thin film comprising a metal surfactant (A) having at least one or more hydrolysable group, and a compound (C) that can interact with the metal surfactant in an organic solvent b) a metal surfactant having at least one or more hydrolysable group (B), and c) water 2) preparing a solution for forming an organic thin film by mixing an organic solvent and the hydroxyl group-containing solution of 1); and 3) allowing the substrate to contact with the solution for forming an organic thin film of 2).

Abstract: The present invention provides a battery that experiences a small degree of temporal change from the initial battery properties over the long term storage period of the battery. Specifically, the present invention provides a lithium secondary battery, in which a positive electrode capable of storing and releasing lithium and a negative electrode capable of storing and releasing lithium are formed via an electrolyte, wherein: the electrolyte comprises a cyclic solvent and a chain-type solvent and contains a compound having a boron-oxygen bond (B—O) and a carbon-carbon double bond (C?C).

Abstract: The object is to provide a method for forming an organic thin film which enables to form quickly a dense monomolecular film with less impurity. It is a method for forming an organic thin film which comprises: 1) a step of preparing a hydroxyl group-containing solution by mixing the following (a), (b) and (c) so that the total amount of (A) and (B) in the hydroxyl group-containing solution becomes 0.

Abstract: The present invention provides a battery that experiences a small degree of temporal change from the initial battery properties over the long term storage period of the battery. Specifically, the present invention provides a lithium secondary battery, in which a positive electrode capable of storing and releasing lithium and a negative electrode capable of storing and releasing lithium are formed via an electrolyte, wherein: the electrolyte comprises a cyclic solvent and a chain-type solvent and contains a compound having a boron-oxygen bond (B—O) and a carbon-carbon double bond (C?C).

Abstract: The present invention provides a battery small in time variation of the battery properties from the initial battery properties over a long term storage period of the battery. The battery is a lithium secondary battery in which a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material capable of intercalating and deintercalating lithium ions and a negative electrode including a negative electrode active material capable of intercalating and deintercalating lithium ions are formed through the intermediary of an electrolyte, wherein: the negative electrode active material is a carbon material having a crystallinity of the surface thereof lower than the crystallinity of the carbon material; and the electrolyte contains an organic compound having a carboxylic anhydride group.

Abstract: A lead-acid battery superior in high-efficiency charging characteristic to conventional lead-acid batteries and a carbon material used in the lead-acid battery having excellent charge acceptability are disclosed. The lead-acid battery uses, as an additive to the anode active material, a simple substance and/or compound thereof, both having a catalysis for desulfurization or a catalyst for SOx oxidation by adding to, or loading on, a carbon material such as active carbon, carbon black, or the like. When the lead-acid battery with an anode containing carbon material is applied to electric cars, various hybrid cars, power storage systems, elevators, electromotive tools and power source systems such as uninterruptible power source, distributed power source and the like, all having high input and output requirements, stable control can be obtained.

Abstract: An energy device having high input-output performance, in particular being excellent in low temperature performance. An energy device characterized by storing and discharging electric energy by both a faradaic reaction mechanism wherein mainly the oxidation state of an active material changes and electric charge transfers inside said active material and a non-faradaic reaction mechanism wherein mainly ions are physically absorbed and desorbed on the surface of an active material and resultantly electric charge is accumulated and discharged. Further, output performance at a low temperature is improved by providing an energy device characterized by storing and discharging electric energy by at least two kinds of reaction mechanisms that show low and high reaction rates respectively in faradaic reaction wherein mainly the oxidation state of an active material changes and electric charge transfers to said active material through an electrode interface.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lead-acid battery superior in high-efficiency charging characteristic to conventional lead-acid batteries; and a carbon material used in the lead-acid battery, having excellent charge acceptability. That is, the present invention provides a lead-acid battery which uses, as an additive to the anode active material, a simple substance and/or a compound thereof, both having a catalysis for desulfurization or a catalysis for SOx oxidation by adding to or loading on a carbon material such as active carbon, carbon black or the like and thereby has superior high-efficiency charging characteristic and improved charging acceptability.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lead-acid storage battery characterized by excellent characteristics in high percentage charge percentage by improving the conductivity of lead sulfate and its solubility into lead and ensuring smooth charging reaction of anode activator, and a carbon material characterized by excellent chargeability for providing the aforementioned lead-acid storage battery.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lead-acid storage battery characterized by excellent properties of high percentage charge performande and chargeability subsequent to a long-term disuse by improving the characteristics of lead sulfate and solubility from lead sulfate to lead and ensuring smooth charging reaction of anode activator.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lead-acid battery superior in high-efficiency charging characteristic to conventional lead-acid batteries; and a carbon material used in the lead-acid battery, having excellent charge acceptability. That is, the present invention provides a lead-acid battery which uses, as an additive to the anode active material, a simple substance and/or a compound thereof, both having a catalysis for desulfurization or a catalysis for SOX oxidation by adding to or loading on a carbon material such as active carbon, carbon black or the like and thereby has superior high-efficiency charging characteristic and improved charging acceptability.