Abstract: A pressure sensor has a stem in which a pressure introduction hole into which a pressure medium is introduced and a diaphragm deformable according to the pressure of the pressure medium are formed, and a strain detecting element which is arranged on the diaphragm via an insulating film and being configured to output a detection signal according to the deformation of the diaphragm. The strain detecting element is configured to have a portion made of polysilicon. A low doping layer having a higher electrical resistivity than polysilicon and a higher crystallinity than the insulating film is arranged between the insulating film and the strain detecting element.

Abstract: A transmission power control method in a mobile satellite communication system implementing accurate control of transmission power of a base station by obtaining an average received signal level at a mobile station at high accuracy. The mobile station measures an average received signal level Q.sub.k in a predetermined period (step SP2), and informs the base station of the average received signal level Q.sub.k and an actual measuring time T.sub.k (step SP3). The base station calculates a total measuring time t.sub.k which is the sum total of the actual measuring time T.sub.k (step SP16), a corrected average received signal level R.sub.k associated with the average received signal level during the total measuring time t.sub.k (step SP18), and a measuring error .DELTA.D.sub.k (step SP17), and controls the transmission power on the basis of these values (step SP21). Estimating the measuring error .DELTA.D.sub.k in the total measuring time t.sub.k longer than the individual actual measuring time T.sub.

Abstract: The periphery of an area of a master pattern is expanded by a required number of pixels to define a plurality of master pattern areas two-dimensionally misregistered pixel by pixel, for performing pattern comparison of the respective master pattern areas with an area of an object pattern. The object pattern is deemed defective when all of the comparisons indicate pattern mismatches. The pattern is deemed not defective when at least one comparison indicates a pattern match. Thus, even if an inspected object includes misregistration errors, pattern defects can be detected with high accuracy.

Abstract: Printed wiring boards (PWBs) applied to this inspection system are previously formed with marks in prescribed positional relation to wiring patterns. Deviation of PWBs with respect to absolute coordinates of the inspection system is detected by reading the marks. The PWBs are sequentially set one by one on a movable table, to be subjected to image acquisition of the marks and inspected areas. A first PWB is image-acquisited whereby obtained binary image data of the inspected area are stored in a memory unit. Thereafter a second PWB is image-acquisited, and in advance to the image acquisition of its inspected area, relative misregistration of the both PWBs is found by deviation data on respective marks of the first and second PWBs. The binary image data of the first PWB is read from the memory unit on the basis of the binary image data of the second PWB. When the binary image data of the first PWB are read, positional correction, i.e.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an image pickup apparatus for a printed wiring board comprising a solid state image sensor whose light receiving surface is set to be opposed to the surface of the printed wiring board, a main illumination source arranged to satisfy the law of regular reflection on the surface of the printed wiring board with respect to the light receiving surface of the solid state image sensor and a subsidiary illumination source arranged not to satisfy the law of regular reflection with respect to the light receiving surface of the solid state image sensor thereby to supply the light receiving surface with scattering light by strias formed on copper patterns.

Abstract: Novel cephalosporin compounds having antibacterial activity, which are represented by the following compounds of the general formula (I), ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents an amino group or a protected amino group;.circle.A represents a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring containing therein 1 to 4 nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atoms;R.sub.2 represents a normal alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a branched alkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxyalkyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms; a cycloalkenyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms; an aromatic organic residue; a 3- to 6-membered heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 4 nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen atoms or, ##STR2## wherein Ra and Rb each, which may be the same or different, represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms;R.sub.

Abstract: An apparatus for tracing and recording image lines includes a coordinate reader which detects coordinate values of an image to be traced; an image sensor which is movable in a plane relative to a table; a memory in which image signals detected by means of the sensor are written; and a central processing unit which controls the above elements of the apparatus. Trace data are obtained by means of the coordinate reader which detects coordinate values of the image lines. Then, the image is positioned on the table, where record data are obtained based on the trace data by means of the image sensor which generates image signals corresponding exactly to the image.

Abstract: A cephalosporin compound of the general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein X is a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom, a methyl group, a methoxy group, an acetoxymethyl group or --CH.sub.2 SHet wherein Het is a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring containing therein 1 to 4 nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atoms;R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 each independently is a hydrogen atom or a protective group which can be pharmaceutically hydrolyzed; andR.sub.4 is a hydrogen atom or a methoxy group;and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

Abstract: A method for improving the intestinal absorption of a cephalosporin derivative by bonding an oligopeptide having the general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein X is a hydrogen atom, C.sub.1-15 alkyl group, R.sub.3 CO-- group wherein R.sub.3 is a hydrogen atom or straight or branched chain C.sub.1-15 alkyl group or a protective group easily removable by acid hydrolysis, hydrogenolysis or enzyme existing in a living body;R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each independently is a side chain of an amino acid constituting the oligopeptide; andn is integer of 1 to 3,to any side chain at the 3-, 4- or 7-position of a 7-aminocephalosporanic acid derivative having antibacterial activity.

Abstract: A method for tracing an object such as an outline of a picture or a line image, wherein the object is sensed by a set of sensing elements arranged in an optical head moving along the object, to detect a position and a direction of the object, wherein the optical head is controlled to trace the object depending on the detected position and the direction of the object, and wherein the object is reproduced by reproduction means which is moved in synchronization with the optical head. Present invention improves this method by moving the optical head along portions of the object, which the sensing elements can discriminate hardly or not at all nor follow the object, according to line segment data which is predetermined and represent a plurality of points of coordinates.