Abstract: Provided are an ocular surface drug-retaining agent that enables an excellent improvement in retainability of a medicament on an ocular surface and an eye drop containing the agent. An ocular surface drug-retaining agent containing a copolymer having three different kinds of constituent units at a specific ratio can express an excellent effect of retaining a medicament on an ocular surface (in particular, a corneal surface) to allow the effect or action of the drug to be sustained over a long period of time.

Abstract: A method of treating short tear breakup time-type dry eye, including a step of administering, to a mammal including a human, (i) a copolymer (P) having three kinds of different constituent units represented by formulae (1a) to (1c) and a weight-average molecular weight of from 5,000 to 2,000,000, wherein a molar ratio among the constituent units [(1a)/(1b)/(1c)] in the copolymer (P) is 100/from 10 to 400/from 2 to 50, or (ii) a composition containing the copolymer (P) at a concentration of from 0.001 w/v % to 1.0 w/v %: wherein R1 to R6 are as defined herein.

Abstract: A data latch circuit according to embodiments described herein includes a first circuit and a second circuit. The first circuit has a first transistor with a first conductivity type and a second transistor with a second conductivity type that differs from the first conductivity type being connected in series and stores a first logical value. The second circuit has a third transistor with the first conductivity type and a fourth transistor with the second conductivity type being connected in series and stores a second logical value being an inversion of the first logical value. The data latch circuit enables one of a first voltage and a second voltage that differs from the first voltage to be applied to back gates of the first transistor and the third transistor and enables a third voltage to be applied to sources of the first transistor and the third transistor.

Abstract: A toner binder is disclosed which comprises a polyester resin in which an aliphatic hydrocarbon chain terminated with an ester and/or an ether bond to the aliphatic group contains a constituent element consisting of ethylene in an amount of from 1 to 5 wt % based on the total weight of the resin. Further disclosed is a toner binder using both of a crosslinked polyester having a peak molecular weight of 10,000 or less and a linear polyester having a peak molecular weight of 8,000 or more as binder resins, the peak molecular weight of the linear polyester being greater than the peak molecular weight of the crosslinked polyester.

Abstract: A process for producing a wherein an aminium salt infrared light absorber and a positive charge control agent are used in combination while preventing a mutual reaction therebetween. In this toner, the physical contact of the aminium salt compound with the positive charge control agent is avoided (e.g., by separately adding them to respective two separated phases of a binder resin), or alternatively use is made of such a combination of confounds as will not cause a mutual reaction (e.g., a common anion is used).

Abstract: A toner is disclosed wherein an aminium salt infrared light absorber and a positive charge control agent are used in combination while preventing a mutual reaction therebetween. In this toner, the physical contact of the aminium salt compound with the positive charge control agent is avoided (e.g., by separately adding them to respective two separated phases of a binder resin), or alternatively use is made of such a combination of compounds as will not cause a mutual reaction (e.g., a common anion is used).