Abstract: This spin-orbit torque type magnetization rotational element (10) is provided with: a spin-orbit torque wiring (2); a first ferromagnetic layer (1) that is laminated on the spin-orbit torque wiring; a first nonmagnetic metal layer (3) and a second nonmagnetic metal layer (4) that are connected to the spin-orbit torque wiring at positions flanking the first ferromagnetic layer in a plan view from the second direction, and a first insulating layer (31) surrounding the spin-orbit torque wiring, wherein the gravity center (G) of the first ferromagnetic layer is positioned on a side closer to the first nonmagnetic metal layer or the second nonmagnetic metal layer than is a reference point (S) located at the center between the first and second nonmagnetic metal layers in the first direction, and the first insulating layer is any one selected from the group consisting of silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, aluminum oxide, and magnesium oxide.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus and a method of generating a down-converted image that does not significantly compromise the contrast or texture information of an original image. What is included is an image analysis unit configured to receive an image to be a down-conversion processing target as an input and generate adjacent pixel difference information used to select a pixel to be output to a down-converted image, and an output image generation unit configured to select a pixel pair to be an adjacent pixel used for the down-converted image on the basis of the adjacent pixel difference information and generate the down-converted image by executing an adjustment of the selected pixel pair.

Abstract: The inventors of the present invention searched for a substance that is effective in treating a cartilage disorder, and as a result, found that, in an animal model of joint cartilage deficiency, an HMGB1 fragment peptide having a specific amino acid sequence exhibits the effect of reproducing a healthy cartilage tissue including a hyaline cartilage. Based on this finding, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition that contains the specific HMGB1 fragment peptide and that is for preventing and/or treating a cartilage disorder.

Abstract: The inventors discovered that ectodermal mesenchymal stem cells circulating in peripheral blood that are induced by necrotic tissue damage contribute to the regeneration of damaged tissue. On the basis of this discovery, provided are ectodermal mesenchymal stem cells, a method for producing the same, and a screening method for a substance having pluripotent stem cell inductive activity, the screening method using cells induced by necrotic tissue damage in peripheral blood as an index.

Abstract: An air breather chamber structure includes: a first breather chamber provided to a housing receiving a transmission; and a second breather chamber provided to an upper portion of the housing in a gravity direction, the first introduction hole being positioned on the first side of the imaginary surface, the second introduction hole being positioned on the second side of the imaginary surface, the atmosphere communication hole being positioned on the first side of the imaginary surface, the discharge hole being positioned on the second side of the imaginary surface, the first introduction hole and the discharge hole being positioned below the second introduction hole in the gravity direction, and the atmosphere communication hole being positioned above the second introduction hole in the gravity direction.

Abstract: An air breather chamber structure includes: a first breather chamber provided to a housing receiving a transmission; and a second breather chamber provided to an upper portion of the housing in a gravity direction, the first introduction hole being positioned on the first side of the imaginary surface, the second introduction hole being positioned on the second side of the imaginary surface, the atmosphere communication hole being positioned on the first side of the imaginary surface, the discharge hole being positioned on the second side of the imaginary surface, the first introduction hole and the discharge hole being positioned below the second introduction hole in the gravity direction, and the atmosphere communication hole being positioned above the second introduction hole in the gravity direction.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a image forming unit that forms an image on a recording medium P, a second storage unit that stores the history information about the maintenance of the image forming unit, and a control unit that, when the history information stored in the second storage unit is updated, sets a test image formation cycle of forming a test image used to adjust the image forming unit in accordance with the updated history information.

Abstract: An exhaust control device for an engine performs exhaust control of an exhaust system composed of exhaust pipes connected to a plurality of cylinders respectively and gathering to a collecting pipe. The exhaust control device includes at least two kinds of exhaust valves that perform the exhaust control at different parts in the exhaust system; and a single actuator that drives the exhaust valves to open and close.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a image forming unit that forms an image on a recording medium P, a second storage unit that stores the history information about the maintenance of the image forming unit, and a control unit that, when the history information stored in the second storage unit is updated, sets a test image formation cycle of forming a test image used to adjust the image forming unit in accordance with the updated history information.

Abstract: A motorcycle is equipped with a V-type engine in which front and rear cylinders are arranged in a V-shape along a vehicle front and rear direction. An exhaust device includes: a catalyst device disposed on an exhaust downstream side of a collection part of an exhaust pipe of the front cylinder and an exhaust pipe of the rear cylinder; and a connecting pipe via which the exhaust pipe of the front cylinder and the exhaust pipe of the rear cylinder communicate with each other, and the connecting pipe passes through a space between the exhaust pipe of the rear cylinder and the catalyst device.

Abstract: A motorcycle is equipped with a V-type engine in which front and rear cylinders are arranged in a V-shape along a vehicle front and rear direction. An exhaust device includes: a catalyst device disposed on an exhaust downstream side of a collection part of an exhaust pipe of the front cylinder and an exhaust pipe of the rear cylinder; and a connecting pipe via which the exhaust pipe of the front cylinder and the exhaust pipe of the rear cylinder communicate with each other, and the connecting pipe passes through a space between the exhaust pipe of the rear cylinder and the catalyst device.

Abstract: A display device includes: a display unit that displays a screen based on display screen data including a plurality of pieces of component image data; and a control unit that causes the display unit to display an image in a display region on the display unit in a form of scroll display by which the image is moved as time advances, when a size of the image displayed on the display unit based on a first piece of the pieces of component image data is larger than a size of the display region for the image on the display unit.

Abstract: A printer receives printing data and sets the area of an external memory as the area that is usable for processing the received printing data when it is judged that memory shortage status has occurred concerning a shortage of vacant areas in the internal memory built into the printer and when it is detected that the external memory is connected to an external memory interface that can be connected to or disconnected from the particular printer while the printer is powered.

Abstract: A disk device including a first disk holder movable with disk conveyance, a second disk holder opposed to a groove portion formed in the first disk holder and holding a disk grippingly in cooperation with the first disk holder when the first disk holder holds the disk, and a supporter which supports the first disk holder and which causes a support position for the first disk holder to be shifted in accordance with the movement of the first disk holder to be shifted in accordance with movement of the first disk holder, realizes reducing in size and number of parts, prevention of damage to disks, shortening operation time for plurality of operations, improved vibration resistance and less expensive manufacturing cost.

Abstract: A colored coating material for a color mirror that includes a film-forming component, a pigment, and a solvent, wherein the pigment, which comprises a calcined inorganic pigment comprising one or more elements or oxides of elements selected from the group consisting of Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, Al, Cr, Ti, Sb, Cu, Si, Zn, Li and P, and has a primary particle average particle size of no more than 0.1 ?m, is used in a quantity within a range from 40 to 90% by mass relative to the combined weight of the film-forming component and the pigment.

Abstract: A rack and pinion gear mechanism includes a rack forming member having a rack; a pinion gear which engages releasably with the rack of rack forming member; and an elastic member which contacts with one portion of the rack forming member and deformed by an elastic deformation corresponding to a displacement of the rack forming member by a confliction of tooth points, the one portion is located opposite side to a tooth of the rack that contacts firstly with a tooth of the pinion gear and the gear mechanism further includes a positioning means to fix the elastic member in a cantilever manner to define a positioning of a free end of the elastic member in height.

Abstract: A disk device capable of storing a plurality of disks therein includes a disk holder capable of changing its vertical position to hold a disk, a driver to drive the disk holder, and the disk holder performs a rotational movement and the changing of its vertical height by means of the same driving mechanism of the driver. The disk device realizes a reduction in size and number of parts, prevention of damage to disks, a shortened operation time for a plurality of operations, improved vibration resistance, and a reduced manufacturing cost.

Abstract: A disk device realizing reducing in size and number of parts, prevention of damage to disks, shortening operation time for plurality of operations, improved vibration resistance and less expensive manufacturing cost is provided. The disk device capable of storing a plurality of disks includes an operation setting means to actuate the disk holding means according to an operation mode of the disk, and an operation mode switching means to switch the operation mode of the operation setting means based on contents of disk operation.

Abstract: A disk device for reproducing information includes a clamper that is used to clamp exchangeable disks. The disk device has a movement regulating member which is engaged with a sliding hole made on a base. A clamper base is engaged with a cam hole made on the movement regulating member to swing around a swinging axis on the base as a center. A clamper arm is supported on the clamper base to hold the clamper which clamps the disk. A positioning member is arranged on the base to abut with the clamper base when the clamper base swings. An energizing member urges the movement regulating member along a direction substantially perpendicular to the sliding direction of the movement regulating member.

Abstract: To provide a drug useful for prevention or treatment of respiratory diseases accompanying hyper-secretion of mucus, the drug normalizing physiological functions of the respiratory tract by preventing over-production of mucin from the respiratory tract epithelium. A mucin production inhibitor comprising, as an active ingredient, a benzimidazole derivative represented by formula (1): (wherein A represents a triazole group; R1 and R2 may be identical to or different from each other, and each represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group; R3 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent; and R4 represents a hydrogen atom or a protective group for the nitrogen atom) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof.