Abstract: An exercise machine for simulating running has a frame having a forward portion and a rear portion. A shoulder harness is connected to the forward portion of the frame for supporting the torso of the user and preventing the forward movement of the user's body. Two levers are pivotally connected to the rear portion of the frame, and a pedal assembly is connected to each lever, for receiving the foot of the user. In one embodiment, a passive means for generating a counter force is connected between the lever and the rear frame, such as an elastic band, spring, torsion bar or hydraulic cylinder. In another embodiment a hydraulic or pneumatic actuator is connected between each lever and the frame, and an active control system is operatively connected to each actuator; the active control system being configured to generate a counter force to the user according to a preselected program.

Abstract: A method for sports training allows an athlete to move an exercise bar connected between congruent trusses freely in two dimensions. The resistance the bar offers to the movements of the user is programmable and may be varied according to predetermined parameters and also as a predetermined function of measured parameters. The parameters of the exercise may also be recorded.

Abstract: A method for sports training allows an athlete to move an exercise bar connected between congruent trusses freely in two dimensions. The resistance the bar offers to the movements of the user is programmable and may be varied according to predetermined parameters and also as a predetermined function of measured parameters. The parameters of the exercise may also be recorded.

Abstract: An apparatus for sports training allows an athlete to move an exercise bar freely in two dimensions by connecting the bar between congruent pantograph trusses. The resistance offered to the movements of the user is programmable and may be varied according to predetermined parameters and also as a predetermined function of measured parameters. The apparatus further incorporates means to record the parameters of the exercise.

Abstract: An apparatus for sports training allows an athlete to move an exercise bar freely in two dimensions by connecting the bar between congruent pantograph trusses. The resistance offered to the movements of the user is programmable and may be varied according to predetermined parameters and also as a predetermined function of measured parameters. The apparatus further incorporates means to record the parameters of the exercise.