Abstract: To detect a variation of capacitance in a path of a piping and enable to decide a fluid state of a fluid substance flowing through the path in the piping, a capacitance sensor (15) includes a measuring electrode (33) and a grounding electrode (35) made of a conductive metallic film and wound around a path in the piping (1), with an insulator (17) in between. A shield member (23) covers the measuring electrode and grounding electrode, with an insulator in between. The grounding electrode is narrower than the measuring electrode, and the measuring electrode and the grounding electrode are alternately disposed and are wound to be spiral along a flow direction.

Abstract: A measuring apparatus correctly measures the purity, mixing ratio, and the like of an insulative (nonconductive) fluid such as ultrapure water flowing through a passage. The apparatus includes first to third sensors (19, 21, 23) to detect capacitance changes on the passage (1a) covered with an insulating resin pipe, a memory (41) to store reference capacitance changes, and a controller (35) to compare the detected capacitance changes with the stored reference capacitance changes, measure a purity of the insulative fluid flowing through the passage, and control the purity of the insulative fluid.

Abstract: A fermentation controller correctly controls fermentation and produces a required material by fermentation. The fermentation controller (3) controls fermentation in a material production unit (1) that produces a material by fermentation. The controller (3) includes a capacitance sensor (63) to detect a capacitance change representative of a fermenting state in the material production unit and a memory (77) to store a reference capacitance change representative of a reference fermenting state. The controller compares the detected capacitance change with the reference capacitance change and controls fermentation in the material production unit according to the comparison result.

Abstract: To detect a variation of capacitance in a path of a piping and enable to decide a fluid state of a fluid substance flowing through the path in the piping, a capacitance sensor (15) includes a measuring electrode (33) and a grounding electrode (35) made of a conductive metallic film and wound around a path in the piping (1), with an insulator (17) in between. A shield member (23) covers the measuring electrode and grounding electrode, with an insulator in between. The grounding electrode is narrower than the measuring electrode, and the measuring electrode and the grounding electrode are alternately disposed and are wound to be spiral along a flow direction.

Abstract: A fermentation controller correctly controls fermentation and produces a required material by fermentation.

Abstract: A measuring apparatus correctly measures the purity, mixing ratio, and the like of an insulative (nonconductive) fluid such as ultrapure water flowing through a passage.

Abstract: To enable a fluid state of a fluid substance flowing through a path in a piping, for example a liquid state or a froth state of beer, to be surely and easily judged while keeping a sanitary condition, allowing a take out to be surely and easily performed, a piping fluid decision device is constituted with an electrostatic capacity sensor (15) disposed outside of a piping (1) adapted for a fluid substance to flow through a path therein, for detecting a variation of electrostatic capacity of the path in the piping (1), reference value storage means for storing in advance a reference variation of electrostatic capacity of the path to provide for a decision on a fluid state of the fluid substance flowing through the path in the piping, and fluid decision means for comparing the detected variation of electrostatic capacity and the stored variation of electrostatic capacity to make the decision on the fluid state of the fluid substance flowing through the path.

Abstract: To enable a fluid state of a fluid substance flowing through a path in a piping, for example a liquid state or a froth state of beer, to be surely and easily judged while keeping a sanitary condition, allowing a take out to be surely and easily performed, a piping fluid decision device is constituted with an electrostatic capacity sensor (15) disposed outside of a piping (1) adapted for a fluid substance to flow through a path therein, for detecting a variation of electrostatic capacity of the path in the piping (1), reference value storage means for storing in advance a reference variation of electrostatic capacity of the path to provide for a decision on a fluid state of the fluid substance flowing through the path in the piping, and fluid decision means for comparing the detected variation of electrostatic capacity and the stored variation of electrostatic capacity to make the decision on the fluid state of the fluid substance flowing through the path.