Abstract: An apparatus for heat transfer includes a device and a mechanism for transferring heat to or from the device. The mechanism includes a working fluid that includes a fluorinated aromatic compound having structural formula (I): where Q is a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom; G is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; each R1 is, independently, a fluoroalkenyl group having 2 to 11 carbon atoms and optionally comprises one or more catenated heteroatoms; each R2 is, independently, (i) a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom; or (ii) a fluoroalkyl group or a fluoroalkenyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms and optionally comprises one or more catenated heteroatoms; each R3 is, independently, a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom; x is 1-3; a is 1-2; y is 1-5; when Q is a carbon atom, z=6-y-a; and when Q is a nitrogen atom, z=5-y-a.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula I: wherein: R1 and R1? are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, C1-to-C12 linear or branched hydroxyalkyl, C1-to-C12 linear or branched halo-alkyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, amido, N-alkylamido, N,N-dialkylamido, carbamoyloxy, N-alkylcarbamoyloxy, and N,N-dialkylcarbamoyloxy, provided that that R1 and R1? are not simultaneously hydrogen; R2 and R2? hydrogen, halogen, C1-to-C12 linear or branched hydroxyalkyl, C1-to-C12 linear or branched halo-alkyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, amido, N-alkylamido, N,N-dialkylamido, carbamoyloxy, N-alkylcarbamoyloxy, and N,N-dialkylcarbamoyloxy, provided that that R2 and R2? are not simultaneously hydrogen; R3 is selected from hydrogen, C1 to C12 linear or branched alkyl, and nitrogen protecting groups; X is oxygen or nitrogen; when X is oxygen, R4 is absent; and when X is nitrogen, R4 is selected from H, C1-to-C12 linear or branched alkyl, and nitrogen protecting groups.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula I: wherein: R1 and R1? are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, C1-to-C12 linear or branched hydroxyalkyl, C1-to-C12 linear or branched halo-alkyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, amido, N-alkylamido, N,N-dialkylamido, carbamoyloxy, N-alkylcarbamoyloxy, and N,N-dialkylcarbamoyloxy, provided that that R1 and R1? are not simultaneously hydrogen; R2 and R2? hydrogen, halogen, C1-to-C12 linear or branched hydroxyalkyl, C1-to-C12 linear or branched halo-alkyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, amido, N-alkylamido, N,N-dialkylamido, carbamoyloxy, N-alkylcarbamoyloxy, and N,N-dialkylcarbamoyloxy, provided that that R2 and R2? are not simultaneously hydrogen; R3 is selected from hydrogen, C1to C12 linear or branched alkyl, and nitrogen protecting groups; X is oxygen or nitrogen; when X is oxygen, R4 is absent; and when X is nitrogen, R4 is selected from H, C1-to-C12 linear or branched alkyl, and nitrogen protecting groups.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula I: wherein: R1 and R2 are hydrogen or C1 to C12 linear or branched alkyl; R3 is hydrogen, C1 to C12 linear or branched alkyl, or nitrogen protecting groups; X is oxygen or nitrogen; and when X is oxygen, R4 is absent; and when X is nitrogen, R4 is C1 to C12 linear or branched alkyl or nitrogen protecting groups. The compounds are useful as reagents in 1,3-cycloaddition reactions.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula I: wherein: R1 and R2 are hydrogen or C1 to C12 linear or branched alkyl; R3 is hydrogen, C1 to C12 linear or branched alkyl, or nitrogen protecting groups; X is oxygen or nitrogen; and when X is oxygen, R4 is absent; and when X is nitrogen, R4 is C1 to C12 linear or branched alkyl or nitrogen protecting groups. The compounds are useful as reagents in 1,3-cycloaddition reactions.