Patents by Inventor Eileen Galligan
Eileen Galligan has filed for patents to protect the following inventions. This listing includes patent applications that are pending as well as patents that have already been granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
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Patent number: 11152563Abstract: A dielectric material structure is formed laterally adjacent to a bottom portion of a bottom electrode metal-containing portion that extends upward from an electrically conductive structure that is embedded in an interconnect dielectric material layer. The physically exposed top portion of the bottom electrode metal-containing portion is then trimmed to provide a bottom electrode of unitary construction (i.e., a single piece) that has a lower portion having a first diameter and an upper portion that has a second diameter that is greater than the first diameter. The presence of the dielectric material structure prevents tilting and/or bowing of the resultant bottom electrode. Thus, a stable bottom electrode is provided.Type: GrantFiled: August 29, 2019Date of Patent: October 19, 2021Assignee: International Business Machines CorporationInventors: Bruce B. Doris, Eileen A. Galligan, Nathan P. Marchack, Pouya Hashemi
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Publication number: 20210066581Abstract: A dielectric material structure is formed laterally adjacent to a bottom portion of a bottom electrode metal-containing portion that extends upward from an electrically conductive structure that is embedded in an interconnect dielectric material layer. The physically exposed top portion of the bottom electrode metal-containing portion is then trimmed to provide a bottom electrode of unitary construction (i.e., a single piece) that has a lower portion having a first diameter and an upper portion that has a second diameter that is greater than the first diameter. The presence of the dielectric material structure prevents tilting and/or bowing of the resultant bottom electrode. Thus, a stable bottom electrode is provided.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 29, 2019Publication date: March 4, 2021Inventors: Bruce B. Doris, Eileen A. Galligan, Nathan P. Marchack, Pouya Hashemi
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Publication number: 20090316096Abstract: The present invention includes a method of preparing a dry deposited liquid-crystal alignment layer using one of a mechanical mask, photo-resist, UV treatment, and ridge and fringe field methods. The present invention further provides a multi-domain, wide viewing angle liquid-crystal display, comprising: a bottom substrate; a first transparent conductive layer; a top substrate; a color filter layer; a second transparent conductive layer; a first dry deposited liquid-crystal alignment layer; a second dry deposited liquid-crystal alignment layer, the second dry deposited liquid-crystal alignment layer being spaced adjacent to and facing the first dry deposited liquid-crystal alignment layer; spacers; and a liquid-crystal material.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 27, 2009Publication date: December 24, 2009Inventors: Alessandro Cesare Callegari, Praveen Chaudhari, James Patrick Doyle, Eileen Galligan, James Andrew Lacey, Shui-Chih Alan Lien
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Patent number: 7316831Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes an alignment layer with constituent materials. The constituent materials have a stoichiometric relationship configured to provide a given pretilt angle. Liquid crystal material is provided in contact with the alignment layer. A method for forming an alignment layer for liquid crystal displays includes forming the alignment layer on a substrate by introducing an amount of material to adjust a stoichiometric ratio of constituent materials wherein the amount is determined to provide a given pretilt angle to the alignment layer. Ions are directed at the alignment layer to provide uniformity of the pretilt angle.Type: GrantFiled: November 12, 2003Date of Patent: January 8, 2008Assignee: International Business Machines CorporationInventors: Paul S. Andry, Praveen Chaudhari, James P. Doyle, Eileen A. Galligan, James A. Lacey, Shui-Chih A. Lien, Minhua Lu
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Patent number: 7097884Abstract: A method for preparing an alignment layer surface provides a surface on the alignment layer. The surface is bombarded with ions, and reactive gas is introduced to the ion beam to saturate dangling bonds on the surface. Another method for preparing an alignment layer surface provides a surface on the alignment layer. The surface is bombarded with ions and quenched with a reactive component to saturate dangling bonds on the surface.Type: GrantFiled: June 26, 2003Date of Patent: August 29, 2006Assignee: International Business Machines CorporationInventors: Alessandro C. Callegari, Praveen Chaudhari, Fuad E. Doany, James P. Doyle, Eileen A. Galligan, James H. Glownia, Gareth G. Hougham, James A. Lacey, Shui-Chih Lien, Minhua Lu, Alan E. Rosenbluth, Kei-Hsiung Yang
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Publication number: 20060150912Abstract: An apparatus for depositing and aligning an amorphous film in a single step, a method of forming an aligned film on a substrate in a single step by combining the deposition and alignment of an alignment layer into a single-step using ion beam processing and an amorphous film having an aligned atomic structure prepared by a method in which an aligned film is deposited and aligned in a single step are provided. The film is deposited and aligned in a single step by bombarding a substrate with an ion beam at a designated incident angle to simultaneously (a) deposit the film onto the substrate and (b) arrange an atomic structure of the film in at least one predetermined aligned direction.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 9, 2006Publication date: July 13, 2006Inventors: Alessandro Callegari, Praveen Chaudhari, James Doyle, Eileen Galligan, Yoshimine Kato, James Lacey, Shui-Chih Lien, Minhua Lu, Hiroki Nakano, Shuichi Odahara
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Patent number: 6954247Abstract: Multi-domain liquid crystal cells having twist angles less than 90 degrees, and LCDs containing such liquid crystal cells, are provided. Such liquid crystal cells are stable, particularly at zero and high fields, and provide wide viewing angles. Also provided are methods of using an adjustable particle beam in combination with a mask to generate multi-domains alignments. Such methods are useful for producing liquid crystal cells in general, and for producing the novel multi-domain low twist angle liquid crystal cells of the present invention in particular.Type: GrantFiled: November 5, 2004Date of Patent: October 11, 2005Assignee: International Business Machines CorporationInventors: Praveen Chaudhari, James P. Doyle, Eileen A. Galligan, James A. Lacey, Shui-Chih Lien, Minhua Lu, Hiroki Nakano, Kei-Hsiung Yang
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Publication number: 20050062920Abstract: Multi-domain liquid crystal cells having twist angles less than 90 degrees, and LCDs containing such liquid crystal cells, are provided. Such liquid crystal cells are stable, particularly at zero and high fields, and provide wide viewing angles. Also provided are methods of using an adjustable particle beam in combination with a mask to generate multi-domains alignments. Such methods are useful for producing liquid crystal cells in general, and for producing the novel multi-domain low twist angle liquid crystal cells of the present invention in particular.Type: ApplicationFiled: November 5, 2004Publication date: March 24, 2005Applicant: International Business Machines CorporationInventors: Praveen Chaudhari, James Doyle, Eileen Galligan, James Lacey, Shui-Chih Lien, Minhua Lu, Hiroki Nakano, Kei-Hsiung Yang
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Publication number: 20040105061Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes an alignment layer with constituent materials. The constituent materials have a stoichiometric relationship configured to provide a given pretilt angle. Liquid crystal material is provided in contact with the alignment layer. A method for forming an alignment layer for liquid crystal displays includes forming the alignment layer on a substrate by introducing an amount of material to adjust a stoichiometric ratio of constituent materials wherein the amount is determined to provide a given pretilt angle to the alignment layer. Ions are directed at the alignment layer to provide uniformity of the pretilt angle.Type: ApplicationFiled: November 12, 2003Publication date: June 3, 2004Applicant: International Business Machines CorporationInventors: Paul S. Andry, Praveen Chaudhari, James P. Doyle, Eileen A. Galligan, James A. Lacey, Shui-Chih A. Lien, Minhua Lu
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Publication number: 20040086662Abstract: A method for preparing an alignment layer surface provides a surface on the alignment layer. The surface is bombarded with ions, and reactive gas is introduced to the ion beam to saturate dangling bonds on the surface. Another method for preparing an alignment layer surface provides a surface on the alignment layer. The surface is bombarded with ions and quenched with a reactive component to saturate dangling bonds on the surface.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 26, 2003Publication date: May 6, 2004Applicant: International Business Machines CorporationInventors: Alessandro C. Callegari, Praveen Chaudhari, Fuad E. Doany, James P. Doyle, Eileen A. Galligan, James H. Glownia, Gareth G. Hougham, James A. Lacey, Shui-Chih Lien, Minhua Lu, Alan E. Rosenbluth, Kei-Hsiung Yang
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Patent number: 6731361Abstract: Display panels and methods for fabrication are disclosed for an in-plane switching mode display to reduce or eliminate image sticking. The display panel includes a substrate with a first electrode formed on the substrate. A dielectric layer is formed on the substrate, and the dielectric layer forms an opening down to the first electrode so that the dielectric layer is eliminated over the first electrode. A second electrode is formed on the dielectric layer, and an alignment layer is formed on the first electrode, the second electrode and the dielectric layer.Type: GrantFiled: June 7, 2001Date of Patent: May 4, 2004Assignee: International Business Machines CorporationInventors: Paul S. Andry, Praveen Chaudhari, James P. Doyle, Eileen A. Galligan, Richard A. John, James A. Lacey, Shui-Chih A. Lien, Minhua Lu
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Patent number: 6682786Abstract: A liquid crystal display cell having liquid crystal molecules positioned in a vertical or a substantially vertical alignment is provided. The liquid crystal display cell includes at least two substantially homogeneous fluorinated alignment layers disposed on transparent electrodes; a liquid crystal layer of liquid crystal molecules disposed between the alignment layers; and, a means of applying voltage across the transparent electrodes. Methods for forming these liquid crystal display cells are also provided.Type: GrantFiled: December 7, 1999Date of Patent: January 27, 2004Assignee: IBM CorporationInventors: Shui-Chih Alan Lien, Alessandro C. Callegari, Paul S. Andry, Praveen Chaudhari, James A. Lacey, Sampath Purushothaman, James P. Doyle, Eileen A. Galligan, Richard A. John, John J. Ritsko, Yuhichi Momoi, Christopher Jahnes
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Patent number: 6665033Abstract: A method for preparing an alignment layer surface provides a surface on the alignment layer. The surface is bombarded with ions, and reactive gas is introduced to the ion beam to saturate dangling bonds on the surface. Another method for preparing an alignment layer surface provides a surface on the alignment layer. The surface is bombarded with ions and quenched with a reactive component to saturate dangling bonds on the surface.Type: GrantFiled: November 30, 2000Date of Patent: December 16, 2003Assignee: International Business Machines CorporationInventors: Alessandro C. Callegari, Praveen Chaudhari, Fuad E. Doany, James P. Doyle, Eileen A. Galligan, James H. Glownia, Gareth G. Hougham, James A. Lacey, Shui-Chih Lien, Minhua Lu, Alan E. Rosenbluth, Kei-Hsiung Yang
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Patent number: 6660341Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes an alignment layer with constituent materials. The constituent materials have a stoichiometric relationship configured to provide a given pretilt angle. Liquid crystal material is provided in contact with the alignment layer. A method for forming an alignment layer for liquid crystal displays includes forming the alignment layer on a substrate by introducing an amount of material to adjust a stoichiometric ratio of constituent materials wherein the amount is determined to provide a given pretilt angle to the alignment layer. Ions are directed at the alignment layer to provide uniformity of the pretilt angle.Type: GrantFiled: June 7, 2001Date of Patent: December 9, 2003Assignee: International Business Machines CorporationInventors: Paul S. Andry, Praveen Chaudhari, James P. Doyle, Eileen A. Galligan, James A. Lacey, Shui-Chih A. Lien, Minhua Lu
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Publication number: 20030142257Abstract: Multi-domain liquid crystal cells having twist angles less than 90 degrees, and LCDs containing such liquid crystal cells, are provided. Such liquid crystal cells are stable, particularly at zero and high fields, and provide wide viewing angles. Also provided are methods of using an adjustable particle beam in combination with a mask to generate multi-domains alignments. Such methods are useful for producing liquid crystal cells in general, and for producing the novel multi-domain low twist angle liquid crystal cells of the present invention in particular.Type: ApplicationFiled: January 28, 2002Publication date: July 31, 2003Applicant: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONInventors: Praveen Chaudhari, James P. Doyle, Eileen A. Galligan, James A. Lacey, Shui-Chih Lien, Minhua Lu, Hiroki Nakano, Kei-Hsiung Yang
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Patent number: 6583847Abstract: It is important to accurately align a pair of substrates, such as liquid crystal display (LCD) panels before they are affixed together. This is accomplished, according to the invention, by depositing a number of magnetic field generating elements on one substrate and a plurality of magnetic field-detecting elements on the other substrate. For example, the field-generating elements can be permanent magnets, while the field-detecting can be correspondingly located elements of a magnetic material. Alternatively, both the field-generating and field-detecting elements may be made from permanently magnetic materials.Type: GrantFiled: June 18, 2001Date of Patent: June 24, 2003Assignee: International Business Machines CorporationInventors: Alessandro C. Callegari, Praveen Chaudhari, James P. Doyle, Eileen A. Galligan, James A. Lacey, Shui-Chih Alan Lien, Sampath Purushothaman, John J. Ritsko, James J. Speidell
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Publication number: 20020191143Abstract: It is important to accurately align a pair of substrates, such as liquid crystal display (LCD) panels before they are affixed together. This is accomplished, according to the invention, by depositing a number of field generating elements on one substrates and a corresponding plurality of field-detecting elements on the other substrate. For example, the field-generating elements can be permanent magnets, while the field-detecting can be correspondingly located elements of a magnetic material. Alternatively, both the field-generating and field-detecting elements may be formed from a high surface tension material, such as solder having a melting point above room temperature.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 18, 2001Publication date: December 19, 2002Applicant: International Business Machines CorporationInventors: Alessandro C. Callegari, Praveen Chaudhari, James P. Doyle, Eileen A. Galligan, James A. Lacey, Shui-Chih Alan Lien, Sampath Purushothaman, John J. Ritsko, James L. Speidell
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Publication number: 20020186336Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes an alignment layer with constituent materials. The constituent materials have a stoichiometric relationship configured to provide a given pretilt angle. Liquid crystal material is provided in contact with the alignment layer. A method for forming an alignment layer for liquid crystal displays includes forming the alignment layer on a substrate by introducing an amount of material to adjust a stoichiometric ratio of constituent materials wherein the amount is determined to provide a given pretilt angle to the alignment layer. Ions are directed at the alignment layer to provide uniformity of the pretilt angle.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 7, 2001Publication date: December 12, 2002Applicant: International Business Machines CorporationInventors: Paul S. Andry, Praveen Chaudhari, James P. Doyle, Eileen A. Galligan, James A. Lacey, Shui-Chih A. Lien, Minhua Lu
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Publication number: 20020186337Abstract: Display panels and methods for fabrication are disclosed for an in-plane switching mode display to reduce or eliminate image sticking. The display panel includes a substrate with a first electrode formed on the substrate. A dielectric layer is formed on the substrate, and the dielectric layer forms an opening down to the first electrode so that the dielectric layer is eliminated over the first electrode. A second electrode is formed on the dielectric layer, and an alignment layer is formed on the first electrode, the second electrode and the dielectric layer.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 7, 2001Publication date: December 12, 2002Inventors: Paul S. Andry, Praveen Chaudhari, James P. Doyle, Eileen A. Galligan, Richard A. John, James A. Lacey, Shui-Chih A. Lien, Minhua Lu
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Publication number: 20020063830Abstract: A method for preparing an alignment layer surface provides a surface on the alignment layer. The surface is bombarded with ions, and reactive gas is introduced to the ion beam to saturate dangling bonds on the surface. Another method for preparing an alignment layer surface provides a surface on the alignment layer. The surface is bombarded with ions and quenched with a reactive component to saturate dangling bonds on the surface.Type: ApplicationFiled: November 30, 2000Publication date: May 30, 2002Inventors: Alessandro C. Callegari, Praveen Chaudhari, Fuad E. Doany, James P. Doyle, Eileen A. Galligan, James H. Glownia, Gareth G. Hougham, James A. Lacey, Shui-Chih Lien, Minhua Lu, Alan E. Rosenbluth, Kei-Hsiung Yang