Abstract: A carbonylation process, wherein formaldehyde or a derivative thereof is reacted with carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalyst composition including: a) an acidic compound with pKa value below −1, and b) a sulfone.

Abstract: Processes to prepare 5-cyanovaleric acid or its ester is provided, by carbonylation of a pentenenitrile, wherein pentenenitrile is reacted with carbon monoxide and water and/or an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst system containing

Abstract: Bidentate ligand of formula II,

Abstract: Process for the carbonylation of ethylenically unsaturated compounds having 3 or more carbon atoms by reaction with carbon monoxide and an hydroxyl group containing compound in the presence of a catalyst system.

Abstract: A carbonylation process, wherein formaldehyde or a derivative thereof is reacted with carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalyst composition including:

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydroformylation process comprising the steps of: (a) contacting one or more ethylenically unsaturated compound(s) in a reaction zone with carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas in the presence of a solvent and a homogeneous catalyst based on a Group 8, 9 or 10 metal, and a non-ionically charged phosphorus ligand to form a crude hydroformylation product; (b) allowing a major portion of the solvent, wherein a major portion of the catalyst is dissolved, to separate and be withdrawn from the crude hydroformylation product in a phase separation zone; (c) removing from the separated hydroformylation product emerging from step (b) substantially all remaining catalyst dissolved therein with a non-aqueous extractant in an extraction zone.

Abstract: The invention relates to a diphosphine of the following formulaR.sup.1 >P-R.sup.2 -PR.sup.3 R.sup.4wherein R.sup.2 represents a covalent bridging group, R.sup.1 represents a bivalent radical that together with the phosphorus atom to which it is attached is an optionally substituted 2-phospha-tricyclo[3.3.1.1{3,7}]decyl group or a derivative thereof in which one or more of the carbon atoms are replaced by heteroatoms ("6-PA" group), and wherein R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently represent univalent radicals of up to 20 atoms or jointly form a bivalent radical of up to 20 atoms; to carbonylation catalysts obtainable by combining: (i) a metal cation selected from the groups 8, 9 or 10 of the Periodic Table of Elements, and (ii) the new diphosphine; and furthermore to a process for carbonylating unsaturated compounds in the presence of the carbonylation catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the hydroformylation of a feed comprising compounds having a single ethylenically unsaturated group by reaction thereof in the liquid phase with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a) a source of palladium cations;b) a source of anions;c) a source of at least one bidentate ligands of the formulaR.sup.1 R.sup.2 M.sup.1 RM.sup.2 R.sup.3 R.sup.4 (I)characterized in that the ethylenically unsaturated feed comprises one or more dienes and/or further multiply unsaturated alkenes to an amount of 0.005-5 wt % based on the total amount of ethylenically unsaturated compounds in the feed, and in that component b) of the catalyst system is a source of anions of an acid having a pKa value, measured in aqueous solution at 18.degree. C., of between -1 and 4.

Abstract: The invention discloses a process for the carbonylation of ethylenically unsaturated compounds by reaction thereof with carbon monoxide and a coreactant in the presence of a catalyst system obtained by combining (a) a source of a Group VIII metal cation (b) a phosphine, arsine or stibine compound acting as a ligand; and (c) a source of anions, other than halide anions, carried out in the presence of substoichiometric amounts of halide anions and/or -in case of a coreactant other than an aromatic alcohol- in the presence of a phenolic promoter. The process provides novel alkylphenol esters that may find use as synthetic lubricant.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic hydrogenolysis of glycerol in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst that is based on a platinum group metal or a compound of a platinum group metal, an anion source, and a metal-complexing compound of the formula Q.sup.1 Q.sup.2 MQ.sup.3 (I) or Q.sup.1 Q.sup.2 MQMQ.sup.3 Q.sup.4 (II) wherein M represents phosphorus, arsenic or antimony, Q represents a group that is covalently bonded to both M's and having at least two carbon atoms in the bridge and Q.sup.1 to Q.sup.4 are independently similar or dissimilar optionally substituted hydrocarbyl groups or Q.sup.1 and Q.sup.2 and/or Q.sup.3 and Q.sup.4 represent similar or dissimilar optionally substituted hydrocarbylene groups.

Abstract: A process for the hydroformylation of ethylenically unsaturated compounds with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst system comprising:a) a source of palladium, platinum, or nickel cations;b) a source of anions, other than halide anions, such as unsubstituted alkyl sulfonic acids, aryl sulfonic acids, perfluorinated alkyl sulfonic acids, perfluorinated aryl sulfonic acids, boric acid derivatives or alkylated versions thereof;c) a source of at least one bidentate ligands of the formulaR.sup.1 R.sup.2 M.sup.1 RM.sup.2 R.sup.3 R.sup.4 (I)wherein M.sup.1 and M.sup.2 independently represent a phosphorus, arsenic or antimony atom, R represents a bivalent bridging group containing from 1-4 atoms in the bridge, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together represent a bivalent cyclic group whereby the two.cndot.free valencies are linked to M.sup.1, and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently represent a hydrocarbyl group, or together represent a bivalent cyclic group whereby the two free valencies are linked to M.sup.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the carbonylation of acetylenically unsaturated compounds by reaction with carbon monoxide and a co-reactant in the presence of a catalyst system based on: (a) a source of platinum; (b) a bidentate ligand of the formula R.sup.1 R.sup.2 M.sup.1 -R-M.sup.2 R.sup.3 R.sup.4, wherein M.sup.1 and M.sup.2 independently are P, As or Sb, R represents a bivalent substituted or non-substituted bridging group containing from 1 to 5 atoms in the bridge, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together are a substituted or non-substituted bivalent group whereby the two free valencies are linked to M.sup.1, and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 together are a substituted or non-substituted bivalent group whereby the two free valencies are linked to M.sup.2 or R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently are substituted or non-substituted hydrocarbyl groups; and (c) a source of anions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the carbonylation of acetylenically unsaturated compounds, whereby a feedstock comprising an acetylenically unsaturated compound and a relatively minor amount of an 1,2-alkadiene compound is contacted under carbonylation conditions with carbon monoxide and a co-reactant, in the presence of a catalyst system, based on: a) a source of cations of one or more metals of Group VIII of the Periodic Table; b) a phosphine having an aromatic substituent which contains an imino nitrogen atom separated by at least one bridging carbon atom from the phosphorus atom, and c) a protic acid, characterized in that the catalyst system is further based on d) a monodentate monophosphine or monophosphite.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for hydroformylating olefins with carbon monoxide and a hydrogen atom source in the presence of a catalyst system obtainable by combining (a) a source of a Group VIII metal cation, (b) a compound acting as bidentate ligand of the formula R.sup.1 R.sup.2 M.sup.1 --R--M.sup.2 R.sup.3 R.sup.4, wherein M.sup.1 and M.sup.2 independently are P, As or Sb, R represents a bivalent substituted or non-substituted bridging group containing from 1 to 5 atoms in the bridge, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together are a substituted or non-substituted bivalent group whereby the two free valencies are linked to M.sup.1, and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 together are a substituted or non-substituted bivalent group whereby the two free valencies are linked to M.sup.2 or R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently are substituted or non-substituted hydrocarbyl groups, and (c) a source of anions; wherein the hydrogen atom source comprises water or a primary or secondary alcohol.

Abstract: A process for the copolymerization of carbon monoxide with ethene and optionally another olefinically unsaturated compound in which process the monomers are copolymerized in the presence of a liquid diluent and a catalyst composition which is based on(a) a Group VIII metal compound,(b) an anion of an acid which is obtainable by combining a Br.o slashed.nsted acid with a Lewis acid, and(c) an organic oxidant in a quantity of less than 30 moles per mole of Group VIII metal.

Abstract: A copolymer of carbon monoxide with an acetylenically unsaturated compound and optionally an olefinically unsaturated compound, on the understanding that the copolymer is not a copolymer of carbon monoxide and exclusively acetylene which contains less than 15%-mole of monomer units originating in carbon monoxide and which is obtainable by copolymerizing the monomers in the presence of a catalyst of titanium tetrabutoxide and triethylaluminium; and a process for copolymerizing an acetylenically unsaturated compound and optionally an olefinically unsaturated compound with carbon monoxide, wherein the monomers are contacted with a catalyst composition based on:(a) a source of palladium, and(b) an anionic phosphorus ligand of the general formula R.sup.1 R.sup.2 P-R.sup.3 -X, wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently represent optionally polar substituted hydrocarbyl groups, R.sup.3 is a bivalent bridging group having 2 carbon atoms in the bridge and X is an anionic group.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel carbonylation catalyst system and a process for the carbonylation of acetylenically unsaturated compounds, whereby a feedstock, comprising an acetylenically unsaturated compound and a relatively minor amount of an 1,2-alkadiene compound, is contacted under carbonylation conditions with carbon monoxide and a hydroxylated co-reactant in the presence of the novel carbonylation catalyst system that is based on:a) a source of cations of one or more metals of Group VIII of the Periodic Table;b) a phosphine of the general formulae PR.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3, R.sup.1 R.sup.2 M--R--PR.sup.3 R.sup.3, or R.sup.2 R.sup.3 M--R--PR.sup.1 R.sup.3, wherein R.sup.1 represents a substituted or non-substituted 6-membered heteroaryl group having at least one imino nitrogen atom next to the carbon atom that is attached to the phosphorus atom; R.sup.2 represents a halogenated aryl group; R.sup.3 or each of the R.sup.

Abstract: A catalyst composition which is based upon(a) a source of nickel cations, and(b) a bidentate ligand of the general formula R.sup.1 R.sup.2 M.sup.1 --R--M.sup.2 R.sup.3 R.sup.4 (I) wherein M.sup.1 and M.sup.2 represent independently phosphorus, nitrogen, arsenic or antimony, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 represent independently optionally polar substituted hydrocarbyl groups on the understanding that at least one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 represent a substituted aryl group, and R represents a bivalent bridging group of which the bridge consists of at most two bridging atoms, and a process for the preparation of copolymers of carbon monoxide and an olefinically unsaturated compound comprising ontacting the monomers in the presence of the said catalyst composition.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of acetals by reacting one or more ethylenically unsaturated compounds with carbon monoxide, hydrogen and a liquid or dissolved organic nucleophilic compound containing at least two vicinal hydroxy groups in the presence of a catalyst system comprising:a) a source of plantinum;b) a source of anions; andc) a bidentate ligand of the formulaR.sup.1 R.sup.2 M.sup.1 RM.sup.2 R.sup.3 R.sup.4 (I)wherein M.sup.1 and M.sup.2 independently represent a phosphorus, arsenic or antimony atom, R represents a bivalent organic bridging group containing from 1 to 4 atoms in the bridge, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together represent a bivalent substituted or non-substituted cyclic group whereby the two free valencies are linked to M.sup.1 and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently represent a substituted or non-substituted hydrocarbyl group, or together represent a bivalent substituted or non-substituted cyclic group whereby the two free valencies are linked to M.sup.2.

Abstract: A catalyst composition comprisinga) a palladium compound,b) an anion, andc) an asymmetric phosphorus bidentate ligand of the general formula R.sup.5 R.sup.6 P-Q-CHR.sup.9 -PR+7R.sup.8, wherein Q is a 1,2-ferrocenyl bridging group, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 are identical or different optionally polar substituted hydrocarbyl groups and R.sup.9 is hydrogen or an optionally polar substituted hydrocarbyl group;a process for the preparation of linear alternating copolymers of carbon monoxide with an aliphatic -olefin having at least 3 and at most 10 carbon atoms, which process comprises contacting a mixture of the monomers with a said catalyst composition; and a linear alternating copolymer of carbon monoxide with an aliphatic -olefin having at least 3 and at most 10 carbon atoms which copolymer has an isotacticity of 95% or more.