Abstract: Disclosed are an asymmetric Y-shaped optical waveguide structure and an optical transceiver using the structure. The asymmetric Y-shaped optical waveguide structure includes a main axis optical waveguide extended in a longitudinal direction; and a branch optical waveguide extended from an extension start point in the main axis optical waveguide in a longitudinal direction as much as a predetermined region and then diverged outside. The main axis optical waveguide and the branch optical waveguide have effective refractive indexes, the magnitude relation of which is reversed for optical signals having first and second wavelength range. The optical transceiver includes an asymmetric Y-shaped optical waveguide structure, an optical fiber optically coupled to the structure for transmitting/receiving of the bi-directional optical signal, a laser diode and a photodiode. Accordingly, it is possible to miniaturize the optical transceiver, reduce a packaging cost, and improve reliability of the optical transceiver.

Abstract: A method for etching metal deposited on a substrate, the method comprising: depositing a metal layer above a substrate; coating at least a portion of the deposited metal layer with a photo-resist; pattering the photo-resist; etching the deposited metal layer with an inert gas plasma at an energy density of less than 0.5 Watt/cm2, the substrate being maintained at a temperature of less than 50° C.; and ashing a resultant crust with an ashing gas, the ashing gas comprising CF4 and O2.

Abstract: A precision RF passive component including: a silicon substrate; a first dielectric layer deposited above the silicon substrate; a first metal layer formed above the first dielectric layer; a second dielectric layer formed above the first metal layer; and a second metal layer formed above the second dielectric layer. In one embodiment a passivation layer is added above the second metal layer. In an exemplary embodiment the first metal layer includes a first adhesion layer, a metal sub-layer, and a second adhesion layer; and the second dielectric layer includes a first diffusion barrier layer, a dielectric sub-layer second diffusion barrier. In an exemplary embodiment, the metal sub-layer includes copper. In another exemplary embodiment the dielectric sub-layer includes SiO2 or Si3N4 between diffusion barrier layers including SiN.

Abstract: A method of producing a PLC based optical component comprising: defining a waveguide; etching a notch thereby defining a facet of the waveguide; and cutting a trench in front of the notch, the cutting being accomplished subsequent to the etching, whereby at least a portion of the trench is displaced from the facet by the notch. The invention also provides for a PLC based optical component comprising: a substrate; a waveguide deposited above the substrate, the waveguide exhibiting a facet; a notch etched in front of the facet of the waveguide; and a trench cut in front of the notch.

Abstract: A planar lightwave circuit and a method of producing such a planar lightwave circuit, the planar lightwave circuit having an element secured thereon. The planar lightwave circuit comprises: a substrate; a trench cut in the substrate; at least one solder pad deposited on a top surface deposited above the substrate; at least one of a waveguide defined in a layer deposited above the substrate and an optical fiber; and an optical element placed within the trench and in optical communication with the at least one of a waveguide and an optical fiber; at least one metal contact configured on the optical element to be adjacent to the metal pad, the solder pad being connected to the metal contact providing physical support to the optical element and an electrical connection between the metal pad and the metal contact.

Abstract: A precision RF passive component comprising: a silicon substrate; a first dielectric layer deposited above the silicon substrate; a first metal layer formed above the first dielectric layer; a second dielectric layer formed above the first metal layer; and a second metal layer formed above the second dielectric layer. In one embodiment a passivation layer is added above the second metal layer. In an exemplary embodiment the first metal layer comprises a first adhesion layer, a metal sub-layer, and a second adhesion layer; and the second dielectric layer comprises a first diffusion barrier layer, a dielectric sub-layer and a second diffusion barrier. In an exemplary embodiment, the metal sub-layer comprises copper. In another exemplary embodiment the dielectric sub-layer comprises SiO2 or Si3N4 between diffusion barrier layers comprising SiN.

Abstract: A method for etching metal deposited on a substrate, the method comprising: depositing a metal layer above a substrate; coating at least a portion of the deposited metal layer with a photo-resist; pattering the photo-resist; etching the deposited metal layer with an inert gas plasma at an energy density of less than 0.5 Watt/cm2, the substrate being maintained at a temperature of less than 50° C.; and ashing a resultant crust with an ashing gas, the ashing gas comprising CF4 and O2.

Abstract: A planar lightwave circuit and a method of producing such a planar lightwave circuit, the planar lightwave circuit having an element secured thereon. The planar lightwave circuit comprises: a substrate; a trench cut in the substrate; at least one solder pad deposited on a top surface deposited above the substrate; at least one of a waveguide defined in a layer deposited above the substrate and an optical fiber; and an optical element placed within the trench and in optical communication with the at least one of a waveguide and an optical fiber; at least one metal contact configured on the optical element to be adjacent to the metal pad, the solder pad being connected to the metal contact providing physical support to the optical element and an electrical connection between the metal pad and the metal contact.

Abstract: A method of producing a PLC based optical component comprising: defining a waveguide; etching a notch thereby defining a facet of the waveguide; and cutting a trench in front of the notch, the cutting being accomplished subsequent to the etching, whereby at least a portion of the trench is displaced from the facet by the notch. The invention also provides for a PLC based optical component comprising: a substrate; a waveguide deposited above the substrate, the waveguide exhibiting a facet; a notch etched in front of the facet of the waveguide; and a trench cut in front of the notch.

Abstract: Coating formulations, unique methods for their production and use, which have high drying capacity, maintain high levels of brightness, even after the application of a wax coating onto the printed substrate. Precipitated amorphous silicates, titanium dioxide, and other fillers are combined and coated onto heavyweight linerboard to facilitate ink drying and minimize brightness loss associated with wax dipped cartons.

Abstract: Devices and methods for measuring mottle of paper-like materials are provided. the invention includes directing a radiation over a paper-like material and scanning it in a plurality of directions. Radiation scattered by the paper-like material is detected to produce an output. This output is processed to provide a reading proportional to the mottle of the paper-like material. The invention uses electro-optical devices and signal processing to quantify mottle as an appearance property. Gloss measurements of the paper-like material can also be quantified and simultaneously displayed.

Abstract: A composite paper is provided which is comprised of a paper substrate, a continuous thermoplastic film formed on at least one surface of the paper substrate, and a layer of an ink absorbent composite bonded to the outer surface of the thermoplastic film. The composite paper of this invention is especially useful as a printing substrate and in the manufacture of packages requiring printed surfaces.

Abstract: A process of producing high quality extrusion coated paper for high quality printing by extruding polyethylene on a highly smoothed base sheet of paper and passing the coated base sheet through the nip of two cooperating rollers, at least one of which rollers is a low-friction gloss chill roller having a surface finish with a degree of roughness between that of a high gloss roller and a matte finished roller.