Abstract: A method for roaming between cellular carriers, the method comprising: obtaining from a Home Public Land Mobile Network (home network) at least one International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) number; generating an identification code and sending it to the home network with an indication of a location of the identification code in a Packet Data Protocol (PDP) of a context request response; configuring a User Equipment (UE) with instructions to insert the identification code into a specific mandatory characteristic of the PDP, in a response to a context request received from the home network; requesting the home network to mark an UE's identification element, presenting the identification code located in the specific mandatory characteristic of the PDP, to distinguish it from other UEs; and requesting the home network carrier operator to direct incoming roaming data from the UE using a marked UE identification element to a mediating roaming service server.

Abstract: A method for roaming between cellular carriers, the method comprising: obtaining from a Home Public Land Mobile Network (home network) at least one International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) number; generating an identification code and sending it to the home network with an indication of a location of the identification code in a Packet Data Protocol (PDP) of a context request response; configuring a User Equipment (UE) with instructions to insert the identification code into a specific mandatory characteristic of the PDP, in a response to a context request received from the home network; requesting the home network to mark an UE's identification element, presenting the identification code located in the specific mandatory characteristic of the PDP, to distinguish it from other UEs; and requesting the home network carrier operator to direct incoming roaming data from the UE using a marked UE identification element to a mediating roaming service server.

Abstract: A Home Location Register (HLR) and an Interworking Gateway (IWG) of an operator are configured to redirect Mobile Originated Short Messages (MO SM) sent by roaming cellular communication devices of both prepaid and postpaid subscribers hosted by a foreign network to a real time charging gateway (RTCG). The RTCG retrieves from the operator's database the type of subscription of the sending device. If the device is of a postpaid subscription, the RTCG operates as a relay between an SMSC and the foreign network. If the device is of a prepaid subscription, the RTCG communicates with a PrePaid System (PPS) and forwards the MO SM to the SMSC only in case there are sufficient funds in the respective prepaid account.

Abstract: A Home Location Register (HLR) and an Interworking Gateway (IWG) of an operator are configured to redirect Mobile Originated Short Messages (MO SM) sent by roaming cellular communication devices of both prepaid and postpaid subscribers hosted by a foreign network to a real time charging gateway (RTCG). The RTCG retrieves from the operator's database the type of subscription of the sending device. If the device is of a postpaid subscription, the RTCG operates as a relay between an SMSC and the foreign network. If the device is of a prepaid subscription, the RTCG communicates with a PrePaid System (PPS) and forwards the MO SM to the SMSC only in case there are sufficient funds in the respective prepaid account.

Abstract: Apparatus for packaging articles by enclosing an article between two layers of sheet materials, each having cohesive coatings thereon which includes two spaced sets of relatively small independently mounted rollers for feeding the sheet materials and cutting and sealing heads disposed in close proximity to said sets of rollers and means for controlling the sheet feeding rate and the cutting and sealing operation to produce packages of any desired length.

Abstract: Apparatus for dispensing a packaging material and for packaging articles which includes a support for a roll of packaging material and a concave table for receiving articles to be packaged. The material is drawn over the table and by reason of the concavity, the articles are automatically centered on the material so that the material can be folded over the articles and sealed along the edges.