Abstract: Surface-modified polymer films for coating are provided, wherein the surface is modified by covalent binding of nano- or micro-particles comprising a photoreactive species. The surface of the polymer film, e.g. a parylene film, may be modified by covalent binding of nano- or micro-particles of a polymer, e.g. a conductive bifunctional polymer further comprising a chemically reactive functional group, or of a hybrid organic-inorganic oxide, e.g., silica, network comprising a photoreactive species. Further provided are: (i) polymerizable monomers, the conductive bifunctional polymers obtained therefrom; (ii) a hybrid photoreactive organic-inorganic oxide network; and (iii) micro- or nano-particles made from (i) or (ii).