Abstract: An alkoxidation production low in alkylene oxide and 1,4-dioxane content is prepared by reacting an alkylphenol or fatty alcohol with an alkylene oxide in the presence of an alkali fatty alkoxide obtained by direct reaction of an alkali hydroxide with a fatty alcohol at elevated temperature.

Abstract: Alkoxidation products are prepared from amines, fatty acids and oils, which are low in alkylene oxides and 1,4-dioxane by reacting an amine, fatty acid, ester or oil with an alkylene oxide in the presence of a catalyst of an alkali fatty alkoxide obtained by reaction of an alkali hydroxide with a fatty alcohol at elevated temperature.

Abstract: Fine particulate expandable flame retardant styrene polymers having an improved minimum mold dwell time and reduced block shrinkage are prepared by:(a) mixing together styrene monomer or a mixture of styrene and a cpolymerizable monomer with an organic halogen compound and an expanding agent in an aqueous disperson;(b) adding before or during polymerization to the mixture of (a) from 0.0001 to 0.1% by weight of an epoxidation product of an aliphatic hydrocarbon of which the epoxidated aliphatic chain comprises from 6 to 18 C atoms, this epoxidation product being soluble in the monomers;(c) carrying out a polymerization in the aqueous suspension of (a) and (b) using radical forming initiators at temperatures of 80.degree. C.-130.degree. C. to form expandable particles;(d) pre-forming the expandable particles resulting from (c);(e) ageing the pre-formed particles of (d); and(f) molding the pre-formed and aged particles of (e) in a pressure resistant mold.

Abstract: Fire retardant, expanded styrene polymer shaped objects are prepared by:(a) mixing styrene monomer or a mixture thereof with at least one comonomer, an expanding agent and a fire retardant, organic halogen compound in a aqueous dispersion;(b) adding to (a) either before or during polymerization from about 0.0001 to 0.1 percent by weight esters soluble in the organic phase of (a), these esters of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids and aliphatic epoxy alcohols having at least 11 carbon atoms;(c) polymerizing the aqueous dispersion of (a) and (b) using radical forming initiators at a temperature of about 80.degree. to 130.degree. C.;(d) separating bead polymers having diameters between about 0.4 and 3 mm;(e) pre-foaming the beads;(f) ageing the pre-foamed beads; and(g) final forming the aged and pre-foamed beads in a pressure resistant mold.

Abstract: Fine particulate expandable flame retardant styrene polymers having an improved minimum mold dwell time and reduced block shrinkage are prepared by:(a) mixing together styrene monomer or a mixture of styrene and a copolymerizable monomer with an organic halogen compound and an expanding agent in an aqueous dispersion;(b) adding before or during polymerization to the mixture of (a) from 0.0001 to 0.1% by weight of an expoxidation product of an aliphatic hydrocarbon of which the epoxidated aliphatic chain comprises from 6 to 18 C atoms, this epoxidation product being soluble in the monomers;(c) carrying out a polymerization in the aqueous suspension of (a) and (b) using radical forming initiators at temperatures of 80.degree. C.-130.degree. C. to form expandable particles;(d) pre-forming the expandable particles resulting from (c);ageing the pre-formed particles of (d); and(f) molding the pre-formed and aged particles of (e) in a pressure resistant mold.

Abstract: Fire retardant, expanded styrene polymer shaped objects are perpared by:(a) mixing styrene monomer or a mixture thereof with at least one comonomer, an expanding agent and a fire retardant, organic halogen compound in a aqueous dispersion;(b) adding to (a) either before or during polymerization from about 0.0001 to 0.1 percent by weight esters soluble in the organic phase of (a), these esters of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids and aliphatic epoxy alcohols having at least 11 carbon atoms;(c) polymerizing the aqueous dispersion of (a) and (b) using radical forming initiators at a temperature of about 80.degree. to 130.degree. C.;(d) separating bead polymers having diameters between about 0.4 and 3 mm;(e) pre-foaming the beads;(f) ageing the pre-foamed beads; and(g) final forming the aged and pre-foamed beads in a pressure resistant mold.

Abstract: A method of separating HBr from a mixture of HBr/HCl using the difference in the stability to heat of the amine hydrohalides thereof. A mixture of HBr/HCl is treated with a solution of an amine and the HCl is split off, by the action of heat, from the amine hydrochlorides in the resulting mixture of amine hydrochlorides and amine hydrobromides, and the HBr is then recovered from the residual amine hydrobromides with the aid of a base and optionally recovered.