Abstract: N-halo-5-(substituted-phenoxy or -pyridyloxy)-2-substituted benzoic acid sulfonamides and sulfamates, their preparation and use as herbicides are disclosed.

Abstract: N-sulfenycarbonyl derivatives-5-(substituted-phenoxy)-2-substituted benzoic acid suphonamides, their preparation and use as herbicides are disclosed.

Abstract: Metal salts and amides of alkyl-lactam acetic acids are prepared by reacting gamma-hydrocarbyl butyrolactone acetic acid compounds derived from alkenylsuccinic anhydrides with metal compounds and amines or amines alone. High molecular weight lactam acid salts and amides and metal complexes and metal carbamates thereof are useful as detergents or dispersants in organic industrial fluids. Another aspect of this invention is a method of preparing lactone acetic acids in yields up to 90% conversion from alkenylsuccinic anhydrides.

Abstract: N-substituted-5-(substituted-phenoxy)-2-substituted benzoic acid sulfamidoyl fluoride their preparation and use as herbicides are disclosed.

Abstract: N,N'(thio)-5(substituted-phenoxy or pyridyloxy)-2-substituted benzoic acid sulphonamide and sulfamidoyl fluoride their preparation and use as herbicides are disclosed.

Abstract: Urea damage to the foliage of plants, particularly legumes such as soybeans, is reduced by application of corn syrup together with urea to the plant leaves.

Abstract: Metal salts and amides of alkyl-lactam acetic acids are prepared by reacting gamma-hydrocarbyl butyrolactone acetic acid compounds derived from alkenylsuccinic anhydrides with metal compounds and amines or amines alone. High molecular weight lactam acid salts and amides and metal complexes and metal carbamates thereof are useful as detergents or dispersants in organic industrial fluids. Another aspect of this invention is a method of preparing lactone acetic acids in yields up to 90% conversion from alkenylsuccinic anhydrides.

Abstract: Halogen-substituted olefin addition compounds that contain a carbonyl group are formed by oxidatively adducting an olefin and a carbonyl compound such as a ketone, aldehyde, or ester. The method consists of reacting the olefin and the carbonyl component, in solution, with an oxidizing ion of manganese, cerium or vanadium in the presence of fluoride, chloride or bromide ion. This ionic component is incorporated in the adduct and appears on the olefin-derived carbon atom gamma to the carbonyl group. The gamma halogen substituted adducts are readily converted to cyclopropane derivatives, including pyrethroid intermediate compounds.

Abstract: Gamma-butyrolactones are formed by reacting an olefin with a compound containing a carboxylate moiety having at least one hydrogen atom on the alpha carbon atom in the presence of an ion of manganese, cerium, or vanadium, the ion being in a valency state higher than its lowest valency state.

Abstract: Metal salts and amides of alkyl-lactam acetic acids are prepared by reacting gamma-hydrocarbyl butyrolactone acetic acid compounds derived from alkenylsuccinic anhydrides with metal compounds and amines or amines alone. High molecular weight lactam acid salts and amides and metal complexes and metal carbamates thereof are useful as detergents or dispersants in organic industrial fluids. Another aspect of this invention is a method of preparing lactone acetic acids in yields up to 90% conversion from alkenylsuccinic anhydrides.

Abstract: Gamma-alkyl-gamma-butyrolactones having an alkyl substituent of at least 16 carbon atoms in length are reacted with amines or polyalkylenepolyamines, providing novel lactams useful as multifunctional agents in lubricants, fuels, coolants and other organic fluids.

Abstract: A novel class of biodegradable detergents having improved resistance to precipitation in hard water are the water-soluble ionic salts or nonionic esters or amides of alkanoic acids which are substituted by at least one group containing an electronegative atom, said substitution being attached to a carbon atom 2 to 5 positions from the carboxyl carbon. Gamma-substituted alkanoic acid derivatives are preferred.

Abstract: Succinimides of aminoaryl sulfonic acid salts provide exceptional detergency, viscosity control and anticorrosion properties to lubricants and greases and to other fluid compositions useful in hydraulic systems. Ammonium, alkylammonium, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal and groups IB, IIB, VIB, VIIB, VIII metal salts of aminoaryl sulfonic acid salts, and the salts of sulfanilic acid in particular, can be reacted with alkenyl or alkylsuccinic anhydride, acid or ester, in which the alkenyl or alkyl group may contain from 8 to about 500 carbon atoms, to yield the products of this invention. These products are understood to be novel. Suitable modifications of the aforementioned are the succinimides of di(aminoaryl sulfonic acid) salts, aniline disulfonic acid salts and corresponding aminonaphthalene sulfonate salts which are also useful in the compositions of this invention.

Abstract: Gamma-butyrolactones are formed by reacting an olefin with a compound containing a carboxylate moiety having at least one hydrogen atom on the alpha carbon atom in the presence of an ion of manganese, cerium, or vanadium, the ion being in a valency state higher than its lowest valency state.

Abstract: An olefin is reacted with a source of X free radical in the presence of an ion of manganese, vanadium, or cerium having a valence higher than the lowest valence above the zero valent form of the metal to form derivatives of the olefin that contain one or more functional groups. The free radical X is one that is resistant to substantial oxidation by the ion or the metal and is obtained from ketones, aldehydes, esters, nitriles, nitroparaffins, sulfoxides, thiosulfonic acid esters, alkanesulfonic acids, alkensulfinic acids, and thiols. Hexahydrobenzofuranone compounds are prepared by this reaction.

Abstract: Waterflooding process for the recovery of oil from a subterranean oil reservoir which involves the injection into the reservoir of an aqueous solution of an aliphatic substituted succinimido aryl hydroxy sulfonate or its corresponding succinamic acid derivative. This surfactant functions to reduce the oil-water interfacial tension and also functions in the presence of divalent metal ions, such as calcium or magnesium, as a thickening agent to increase the viscosity of the injected water. In carrying out the invention in oil reservoirs in which the connate waters exhibit a divalent metal ion concentration of at least 0.2 weight percent, the surfactant may be injected in a relatively fresh water which exhibits a divalent metal ion concentration less than that of the reservoir water. Thus as the surfactant solution mixes with the reservoir water, the divalent metal ion concentration of the solution is increased with an attendant increase in its viscosity.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing a stabilized lubricating oil resistant to oxidation and sludge formation upon exposure to a highly oxidative environment, such as when metals are present and an overbased component is present in the lubricating oil, is provided. In the present process wherein a lubricating oil stock to be upgraded is contacted with elemental sulfur in the presence of a catalyst material selected from the group consisting of alumina, aluminosilicate, a metal of Groups II-A, II-B, VI-B or VIII of the Periodic Table of Elements, an oxide of a metal of Groups II-A, II-B, VI-B or VIII, a sulfide of a metal of Groups II-A, II-B, VI-B or VIII, clay, silica, silica combined with an oxide of a metal of Groups II-A, III-A, IV-B or V-B, and combinations thereof, at relatively low temperatures of from about 150.degree. to about 225.degree.

Abstract: Gamma-alkyl-gamma-butyrolactones having an alkyl substituent of at least 16 carbon atoms in length, preferably at least 25 carbon atoms, are formed by reacting a monoolefin with a carboxylic acid in the presence of a reducible metal ion of higher-valent form, such as the manganic ion, Mn.sup.+3. The resulting lactones are useful as antiwear agents and for improving the adherence of wax coatings of paper and, upon reaction with amines, polyalkylenepolyamines, for providing novel lactams and bislactams useful as multifunctional agents in lubricants, fuels, coolants and other organic fluids. Thus, the compounds of this invention are of the general structure ##STR1## the alkyl group being as defined above, X being oxygen, imino, alkylimino, polyalkylenepolyamino or lactam(polyalkylenepolyamino) and the dangling valences being hydrogen or lower alkyl (that is, no greater than 6 carbon atoms).

Abstract: A two-step process for preparing a stabilized lubricating oil resistant to oxidation and sludge formation upon exposure to a highly oxidative environment is provided. The first step of the present process comprises contacting a lubricating oil stock with elemental sulfur in the presence of a catalyst material selcted from the group consisting of alumina, silica, aluminosilicate, a metal of Groups II-A, II-B, VI-B or VIII of the Periodic Table of Elements, an oxide of a metal of Groups II-A, II-B, VI-B or VIII, a sulfide of a metal of Groups II-A, II-B, VI-B or VIII, clay, silica combined with an oxide of a metal of Groups II-A, III-A, IV-B or V-B, and combinations thereof in a flow reactor or under conditions comparable to those existing in a flow reactor. The second step of the present process comprises contacting the product of the first step with hydrogen in the presence of alumina impregnated with at least about 10 weight percent of MoO.sub.3 and at least about 2.

Abstract: Succinimides of aminoaryl sulfonic acid salts provide exceptional detergency, viscosity control and anticorrosion properties to lubricants and greases and to other fluid compositions useful in hydraulic systems. Ammonium, alkylammonium, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal and groups IB, IIB, VIB, VIIB, VIII metal salts of aminoaryl sulfonic acid salts, and the salts of sulfanilic acid in particular, can be reacted with alkenyl or alkylsuccinic anhydride, acid or ester, in which the alkenyl or alkyl group may contain from 8 to about 500 carbon atoms, to yield the products of this invention. These products are understood to be novel. Suitable modifications of the aforementioned are the succinimides of di(aminoaryl sulfonic acid) salts, aniline disulfonic acid salts and corresponding aminonaphthalene sulfonate salts which are also useful in the compositions of this invention.