Abstract: The disclosure relates to compositions containing alumina nanoparticles. Each alumina nanoparticle is covalently bonded to polyurethane and two different functional groups. One of the functional groups contains a fluorocarbon. The other functional group is capable of undergoing protonation. The wettability of the compositions can be altered by changes in pH. The disclosure also provides methods for synthesizing the compositions and using the compositions in oil-water separation applications.

Abstract: Provided herein are compositions comprising a plurality of nanoparticles and methods of preparing the same.

Abstract: Provided herein are coated articles comprising a foam and a coating comprising silanized nanoclay, and methods of preparing the same.

Abstract: To measure water content of liquid hydrocarbon using dried liquid hydrocarbon solvent, a liquid hydrocarbon sample is received from a flowline carrying the liquid hydrocarbon. The liquid hydrocarbon sample includes liquid hydrocarbon and liquid water at a concentration greater than a water saturation level. The liquid hydrocarbon sample is split into a first portion and a remainder portion. The first portion is dried to remove liquid water in the first portion. The remainder portion is mixed with the dried first portion causing the concentration of liquid water in a mixture of the remainder portion and the dried first portion to be below the water saturation level. After mixing the remainder portion with the dried first portion, a water content in the liquid hydrocarbon sample is determined.

Abstract: Online measurement of dispersed oil phase in produced water can be implemented a method on-site of a flowline transporting a fluid that includes dispersed oil in water. A sample of the fluid flowed through the flowline is obtained. The sample includes the oil phase and the water phase. The sample is combined with a chemical element that can separate the oil phase in the sample from the water phase in the sample. The separated oil phase and the chemical element are transferred into a measurement cell. The chemical element is removed from the measurement cell. After the chemical element is removed from the measurement cell, a quantity of the oil phase in the sample in the measurement cell is determined by a capacitive measurement technique. The determined quantity of the oil phase in the sample is provided.

Abstract: Online measurement of dispersed oil phase in produced water can be implemented a method on-site of a flowline transporting a fluid that includes dispersed oil in water. A sample of the fluid flowed through the flowline is obtained. The sample includes the oil phase and the water phase. The sample is combined with a chemical element that can separate the oil phase in the sample from the water phase in the sample. The separated oil phase and the chemical element are transferred into a measurement cell. The chemical element is removed from the measurement cell. After the chemical element is removed from the measurement cell, a quantity of the oil phase in the sample in the measurement cell is determined by a capacitive measurement technique. The determined quantity of the oil phase in the sample is provided.

Abstract: To measure water content of liquid hydrocarbon using dried liquid hydrocarbon solvent, a liquid hydrocarbon sample is received from a flowline carrying the liquid hydrocarbon. The liquid hydrocarbon sample includes liquid hydrocarbon and liquid water at a concentration greater than a water saturation level. The liquid hydrocarbon sample is split into a first portion and a remainder portion. The first portion is dried to remove liquid water in the first portion. The remainder portion is mixed with the dried first portion causing the concentration of liquid water in a mixture of the remainder portion and the dried first portion to be below the water saturation level. After mixing the remainder portion with the dried first portion, a water content in the liquid hydrocarbon sample is determined.

Abstract: To measure above-saturation water content of hydrocarbons, a liquid hydrocarbon sample is received from a flowline carrying the liquid hydrocarbon. The liquid hydrocarbon sample includes liquid hydrocarbon and liquid water at a concentration greater than a water saturation level. The liquid hydrocarbon sample is mixed with a solvent. The concentration of liquid water in a mixture of the solvent and the liquid hydrocarbon sample is below the water saturation level. After mixing the liquid hydrocarbon sample with the solvent, a water content in the liquid hydrocarbon sample is determined.

Abstract: To measure above-saturation water content of hydrocarbons, a liquid hydrocarbon sample is received from a flowline carrying the liquid hydrocarbon. The liquid hydrocarbon sample includes liquid hydrocarbon and liquid water at a concentration greater than a water saturation level. The liquid hydrocarbon sample is mixed with a solvent. The concentration of liquid water in a mixture of the solvent and the liquid hydrocarbon sample is below the water saturation level. After mixing the liquid hydrocarbon sample with the solvent, a water content in the liquid hydrocarbon sample is determined.