Abstract: Portable hand-held pupillometers for characterizing a subject's pupil which are operated by a user. The hand-held pupillometer comprise optical units for dynamically imaging the subject's pupil, and centering units interfaced and operated by the user for centering the subject's pupil on the optical unit in preparation for imaging the subject's pupil. The hand-held pupillometers taught herein allow a user of the system to accurately and efficiently obtain an image of the subject's pupil which may be particularly useful for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. The centering unit may also be used to display messages or pupil size and dynamic response data to the user in an easily read and useable format.

Abstract: Pupillometers with semi-passive targets. The semi-passive targets allow a user of the pupillometer to center the user's pupil on an optically sensitive element in the pupillometer to characterize the pupil. Preferably, a set of centering diodes is disposed on a familiar, easily recognized target which is activated by the optico-electronic means to give the user an indication when the pupil has been centered on the optically sensitive element and that the user has centered the pupil on the defined portion of the passive target.

Abstract: Portable hand-held pupillometers for characterizing a subject's pupil which are operated by a user. The hand-held pupillometer comprise optical units for dynamically imaging the subject's pupil, and centering units interfaced and operated by the user for centering the subject's pupil on the optical unit in preparation for imaging the subject's pupil. The hand-held pupillometers taught herein allow a user of the system to accurately and efficiently obtain an image of the subject's pupil which may be particularly useful for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. The centering unit may also be used to display messages or pupil size and dynamic response data to the user in an easily read and useable format.

Abstract: Portable, scanning, self-measuring pupillometers. With pupillometers described herein, cost effective and accurate central nervous system impairment can be quickly determined, thereby reducing worker inefficiency and improving safety. The pupillometers comprise eye orbit housings for positioning at least one eye orbit for scanning by the pupillometer, radiating diodes interfaced with the housings for irradiating at least one eye with scanning radiation, sensing elements adapted to receive reflected radiation from the eye irradiated by the radiating diodes, the sensing elements being further adapted to respond to a contrast between radiation reflected from the iris of the eye and radiation reflected from the pupil of the eye, and centering elements interfaced with the sensing elements for presenting an image of the pupil to a subject on the sensing elements so that the subject can center the image of the pupil on the sensing elements.

Abstract: A portable, hand-held, dynamic, automatic scanning, measuring and recording device capable of inspecting holes and measuring gaps in any animate or inanimate object of up to about 10 millimeters in size (diameter, for example) such as a pupil of a vertebrate eye or a printed circuit board. The device comprises a light weight viewing optics/image sensor and a microprocessor controlled automatic scanning and data capture/storage system with a digital readout of pupil diameter measurements.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for photometrically analyzing a fluid in which the fluid is deposited in a deformable container, the container is squeezed between two windows to form a sample cell with a precise cell length, and then the optical density of the fluid in the container is measured with a photometer. The cell forming means is designed such that the majority of the fluid in the deformable container is forced into the sample cell so that the dimensions of the sample cell can be maximized for the small amount of fluid contained in the container. A means for coating the interfaces between the sample cell and the windows may also be provided so that changes in reflection from the surface of the deformable container due to imperfections in that surface are minimized.

Abstract: An adjustable series regulated high voltage power supply having a high slew rate is capable of providing relatively low output voltages. This capability is provided by the use of a unique coupling circuit between the control voltage amplifier for the supply and the series pass tubes. This coupling circuit provides a high negative voltage offset in order to accommodate the operating characteristics of the high voltage tubes by the use of a differential driver amplifier. The differential amplifier has inverting and non-inverting inputs. A constant bias is applied to the inverting input to establish a constant current through a voltage divider network having a tap coupled to the non-inverting input of the amplifier. The divider is coupled from the plate of the control amplifier to the output circuit of the supply. By selecting the values of the resistors in the voltage divider, the necessary voltage drop is obtained.