Abstract: A method of treating molten metals comprising heating and extruding into the lower portion of a vessel containing the molten metals, an extrudable composition. The extrudable composition commprises calcium metal and sodium metal with said sodium being present up to about five percent by weight of the composition. The sodium metal has a volume distribution defining a more or less honeycomb structure in the boundaries between calcium metal particles. The composition is heated at least just prior to being extruded into the vessel. The composition upon contacting the molten metal is friable and freely breaks away for rapid reaction with the molten metal. The sodium vaporizes and escapes from the metal serving to cause an agitation of the molten metal bath.

Abstract: A method of treating molten metals with addition agents comprising extruding into the lower portion of the vessel a composition comprising a nonalloying and vaporizable metal carrier and the said addition agents.

Abstract: A system for treating molten metal with addition agents comprising a refractory lined vessel containing the molten metal and a vehicle movable relative to said vessel having associated therewith a cylinder terminating in an extrusion die. The refractory lined vessel has an addition agent port in the base which may be stopped and unstopped. The cylinder is provided with means for engaging the addition agent port on the vessel and communicating therewith. The cylinder is provided with means for advancing extrudable addition agent through the die. When the port is stopped, the vehicle can be brought near the vessel, and the cylinder connected to the port and when the port is unstopped the cylinder may be discharged through the die introducing additive agent into the bottom of the vessel.

Abstract: This application relates to a process for making ceramic shapes from nonplastic size graded ceramic materials comprising the formulation of a unique batch. The batch is processed in a water-cooled pug mill-extruder to prepare a deaired and densified column. The column is cut into constant volume billets. The billets are then pressed or reformed at low pressures into uniformly sized shapes which are thereafter dried and fired to develop a ceramic bond.

Abstract: This application relates to a process for making ceramic shapes from nonplastic size graded ceramic materials comprising the formulation of a unique batch. The batch is processed in a water-cooled pug mill-extruder to prepare a deaired and densified column. The column is cut into constant volume billets. The billets are then pressed or reformed at low pressures into uniformly sized shapes which are thereafter dried and fired to develop a ceramic bond.