Abstract: The present invention is a method and apparatus for applying coatings in a rarefied gaseous medium. A cold cathode electron gun is used to generate an electron beam, which is directed to a crucible containing initial solid materials in a vacuum chamber, thus generating an initial solid material vapor. Nitrogen reaction gas is bled into the vacuum chamber, and ionization of the nitrogen gas in high frequency discharge. Subsequent interaction of initial material vapor with nitrogen ions and atoms results in generation of solid product heating of the substrate. Condensation of the vapor on the surface of substrate generates a thin film of solid electrode or electrolyte. The resulting rate of deposition of thin film of vitreous solid electrolyte and LiPon solid electrolyte is substantially higher than can be achieved with a magnetron sputtering process.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of gas detonation deposition (gas detonation explosion) applying coatings, especially layers of materials for electrochemical devices for use as electrodes in electrochemical energy generation and storage devices such as batteries, supercapacitors, photovoltaic cells, and the like. In the method of the gas detonation deposition the powders of the materials, which are deposited, are subjected to detonation with the explosion products flow. As a result, the powder particles gain a high kinetic energy and are deposited on a substrate, forming a high quality coating.

Abstract: The invention described the highly conducting amorphous polymer materials which are based on the pure block-type copolymers, which contain polyethylene oxide and other chemically complementary blocks and form the amorphous hydrogen-bonded intramolecular polycomplexes, and those, filled by ion conductive materials, low-molecular-weight organic plasticizer and nanometer-scale inorganic particles. The block-type copolymers are preferably the linear triblock copolymers with a central block of PEO and two side blocks of chemically complementary polyacrylamide (PAAm) or poly(acrylic acid) (PAAc). Due to existence of long side PAAm chains and their interaction with a central crystallizable block of PEO, TBC bulk structure is amorphous and fully homogeneous. It can be represented as a totality of hydrogen-bonded segments of both polymer components, uniformly distributed in PAAm matrix. Presented polymer materials can be used for solid polymer electrolyte for DSSC solar cells and lithium batteries.

Abstract: A system for non-destructive determination of the degree of fluorination in carbon monofluoride (CFx) during the process of CFx synthesis is described. The system includes a measuring generator containing a capacitive sensor for measuring a respective capacitance, a base generator containing a capacitive sensor for measuring a base capacitance, and a processor for determining a difference between the respective capacitance and the base capacitance. The system is configured to determine the degree of fluorination based on the difference between the respective capacitance and the base capacitance.

Abstract: The present invention is a method and apparatus for optical detection and size evaluation of through-penetrating defects such as pinholes in moving foil or film. The invention comprises the installation of at least one image capture device at a first given distance over the moving foil surface, placement of at least one elongated light source comprising an infinite number of point-sources that are not in phase, and are emitting light independently from one another under the foil, periodic automatic computer-controlled image capture of the foil surface with image capture devices, automatic transmission of the image captured by each device to a control computer, and processing of the transmitted image data to detect of defect light spot, followed by determination of generalized index of its initial image. This generalize index value is equal to the brightness averaged within the spot multiplied by the area of the spot.

Abstract: A method of non-destructive testing for quality control of powdered materials having dielectric properties based on the use of electromagnetic capacitance techniques.

Abstract: Method and related device intended for rapid non-destructive testing of powdered materials with low electric conductivity such as cement and cement-based compositions through determination of their electrical properties. The invention involves an electromagnetic method, including an electronic circuit for generating an electric field in a capacitance probe that is inserted into the powder to be tested. Electrical properties of powdered materials are determined on the basis of a set of the values for a set of parameters including quality factor (Q-factor), capacitance, dissipation factor, and dielectric permeability of the material. These parameter values can be related to such characteristics as moisture content, particle size, and material composition. The method and device can indicate the differences between the samples with various quantities of unwanted components or reaction products, and the extent of sample aging.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of gas detonation deposition (gas detonation explosion) applying coatings, especially layers of materials for electrochemical devices for use as electrodes in electrochemical energy generation and storage devices such as batteries, supercapacitors, photovoltaic cells, and the like. In the method of the gas detonation deposition the powders of the materials, which are deposited, are subjected to detonation with the explosion products flow. As a result, the powder particles gain a high kinetic energy and are deposited on a substrate, forming a high quality coating.

Abstract: The present invention is a method and an eddy current system for non-contact determination of the resistance between the current lead stripe and the coating during continuous fabrication of chemical power sources such as batteries, supercapacitors, photovoltaic modules and the like. Both the method and the non-destructive test system for practicing the method are described. The method includes placing of an integrated measuring transducer containing two strap-type eddy current probes above the surface of the coating applied to the metallic current lead stripe in the region of the shaft guiding the stripe movement, so that all the points of the operating surface of the transducer being at an equal distance from the stripe surface coating so that the two probes would take measurements on the same area of the coating.

Abstract: Nonaqueous electrolyte for high energy Li-ion batteries or batteries with lithium metal anode, in which the composition of additives are introduced to increase specific characteristics of lithium batteries including stability of the parameters during cycling and security of the battery operations, when the composition of the additives comprises the compounds from the class of esters, low molecular weight silicon quaternary ammonium salts, and macromolecular polymer organosilicon quaternary ammonium salts.

Abstract: The present invention is connected with the holographic interferometry method and device that provides, to a very high precision, the reconstructing the original waveform of light emitted or reflected by an object. This method allows image resolution close to that of the wavelength of the light being used. The non-destructive method of holographic interferometry coupled with impulse heating of the test article to allow observation of its dynamic response to operating conditions, as described herein, is one of the most effective non-contact automated quality control methods available.

Abstract: Flexible optically transparent nano structured polymer material is based on the composition that includes the derivatives of polyurethanes, hardening agent, antistatic additive and modifiers. The structure of polymer includes nano and micro-domains and clusters of various sizes and configurations that are located in a certain order in the volume of the polymer and play the role of micro lenses that provide the concentration of the light and to concentration of light on the optical device and strengthen wave of optical radiation. The transparent polymer laminated, encapsulated or coated of incident light-facing surface of optical devices including the photovoltaic modules and imparts higher conversion efficiencies to photovoltaic modules, a high optical transparency, is resistant to the humidity and destructive effects of UV, has a good adhesion to the surface of the optical devices, and a good stability to deformation.

Abstract: The present invention is a method and an eddy current system for non-contact determination of the resistance between the current lead stripe and the coating during continuous fabrication of chemical power sources such as batteries, supercapacitors, photovoltaic modules and the like. Both the method and the non-destructive test system for practicing the method are described. The method includes placing of an integrated measuring transducer containing two strap-type eddy current probes above the surface of the coating applied to the metallic current lead stripe in the region of the shaft guiding the stripe movement, so that all the points of the operating surface of the transducer being at an equal distance from the stripe surface coating so that the two probes would take measurements on the same area of the coating.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for precision non-destructive non-contact control of super small differences of pressure, which is used for non-destructive control of tightness of various products regardless of the method of sealing and the state of the internal volume of products, with the apparatus consisting of a body of the control unit of the device, working and control units, sensitive membrane, transparent window of the control unit, connecting pipes of the control and working chambers, electronic speckle interferometer, the base that is isolated from the vibration, and the electronic processing unit for monitoring results and presenting results on the display. The bending of the membrane characterizes the quality of sealing of the investigated object and is determined by the laser method of non-contact electronic speckle interferometry.

Abstract: The present invention involves a method for deposition of thin film and electrochemically active layered coatings for use as components including electrodes and solid electrolytes for electrochemical generation and storage devices including batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cell, solar cell and the like. According to the present invention, evaporation of the starting materials in a reactive gaseous medium is accomplished by means of a gas discharge electron gun with a cold cathode. The electron beam has a given specific power corresponding to the evaporation temperature of the starting material. Deposition of the evaporated starting material onto the substrate in a pressure controlled reactive gaseous medium is carried out at a controlled temperature and rate of condensate formation. This temperature is dependant on the partial pressure of the reactive gas.

Abstract: The invention described the highly conducting amorphous polymer materials which are based on the pure block-type copolymers, which contain polyethylene oxide and other chemically complementary blocks and form the amorphous hydrogen-bonded intramolecular polycomplexes, and those, filled by ion conductive materials, low-molecular-weight organic plasticizer and nanometer-scale inorganic particles. The block-type copolymers are preferably the linear triblock copolymers with a central block of PEO and two side blocks of chemically complementary polyacrylamide (PAAm) or poly(acrylic acid) (PAAc). Due to existence of long side PAAm chains and their interaction with a central crystallizable block of PEO, TBC bulk structure is amorphous and fully homogeneous. It can be represented as a totality of hydrogen-bonded segments of both polymer components, uniformly distributed in PAAm matrix. Presented polymer materials can be used for solid polymer electrolyte for DSSC solar cells and lithium batteries.

Abstract: Novel effective method of vacuum evaporation and followed deposition of transparent conductive oxides on the polymer basis allows achieve the high technical and operational parameters of ITO film: transparency, conductivity, a high adhesion to a polymer substrate (especially in limiting the temperature of deposition no more than 60° C.), resistance to thermal shock, thermal cycles, humidity, etc. and providing relatively low cost without the use of precious metals. The transparent conductive oxides which are obtained according presented invention is generally characterized by nano structures with the size of nano crystals from 6 nm up to 25 nm. wherein a nano structure is distributed evenly across the surface. The value of transparency of the transparent conductive oxides ITO that were received according presented invention was 92% when the value of surface resistance was 12 ohms/?.

Abstract: The present invention is a method and related automatic system for non-destructive determination of physical-chemical properties of powdered in particular as related to the quality control of powdered materials used in battery industry, for example determination of carbon monofluoride (CFx) degree of fluorination during the process of CFx synthesis.

Abstract: Method and related device intended for rapid non-destructive testing of powdered materials with low electric conductivity such as cement and cement-based compositions through determination of their electrical properties. The invention involves an electromagnetic method, including an electronic circuit for generating an electric field in a capacitance probe that is inserted into the powder to be tested. Electrical properties of powdered materials are determined on the basis of a set of the values for a set of parameters including quality factor (Q-factor), capacitance, dissipation factor, and dielectric permeability of the material. These parameter values can be related to such characteristics as moisture content, particle size, and material composition. The method and device can indicate the differences between the samples with various quantities of unwanted components or reaction products, and the extent of sample ageing.

Abstract: The present invention is a method and apparatus for optical detection and size evaluation of through-penetrating defects such as pinholes in moving foil or film. The invention comprises the installation of at least one image capture device at a first given distance over the moving foil surface, placement of at least one elongated light source comprising an infinite number of point-sources that are not in phase, and are emitting light independently from one another under the foil, periodic automatic computer-controlled image capture of the foil surface with image capture devices, automatic transmission of the image captured by each device to a control computer, and processing of the transmitted image data to detect of defect light spot, followed by determination of generalized index of its initial image. This generalize index value is equal to the brightness averaged within the spot multiplied by the area of the spot.