Abstract: A memory structure includes storage transistors organized as horizontal NOR memory strings where the storage transistors are thin-film ferroelectric field-effect transistors (FeFETs) having a ferroelectric gate dielectric layer formed adjacent an oxide semiconductor channel region. The ferroelectric storage transistors thus formed are junctionless transistors having no p/n junction in the channel. In some embodiments, the ferroelectric storage transistors in each NOR memory string share a common source line and a common bit line that are formed on a first side of the channel region, away from the ferroelectric gate dielectric layer, and in electrical contact with the oxide semiconductor channel region. The ferroelectric storage transistors in a NOR memory string are controlled by individual control gate electrodes that are formed adjacent the ferroelectric gate dielectric layer on a second side, opposite the first side, of the channel region.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a memory device implements a tile-based architecture including an arrangement of independently and concurrently operable arrays or tiles of memory transistors where each tile includes memory transistors that are arranged in a three-dimensional array and a localized modular control circuit operating the memory transistors in the tile. The tile-based architecture of the memory device enables concurrent memory access to multiple tiles, which enables independent and concurrent memory operations to be carried out across multiple tiles. The tile-based concurrent access to the memory device has the benefits of increasing the memory bandwidth and lowering the tail latency of the memory device by ensuring high availability of storage transistors.

Abstract: A memory structure including three-dimensional NOR memory strings and method of operation is disclosed. In some embodiments, the memory device implements partial polarization to provide a reference signal for read operation. The reference signal realizes a third logical state distinguishable from the first and second logical stages in the ferroelectric memory transistor, such as associated with the program and erase states. In another embodiment, the memory device provides a reference signal for read operation by averaging a first signal associated with a program state and a second signal associated with an erased state of the ferroelectric memory transistor. In some embodiments, the memory device implements one or more partial polarization states to provide a multi-level memory cell with more than one logical bit stored in each memory cell.

Abstract: A memory structure includes storage transistors organized as horizontal NOR memory strings where the storage transistors are thin-film ferroelectric field-effect transistors (FeFETs) having a ferroelectric gate dielectric layer formed adjacent a semiconductor channel. In some embodiments, the semiconductor channel is formed by an oxide semiconductor material and the ferroelectric storage transistors are junctionless transistors with no p/n junction in the channel. In some embodiments, the ferroelectric storage transistors in each NOR memory string share a first conductive layer as a common source line and a second conductive layer as a common bit line, the first and second conductive layers being in electrical contact with the semiconductor channel.

Abstract: By harnessing the ferroelectric phases in the charge storage material of thin-film storage transistors of a 3-dimensional array of NOR memory strings, the storage transistors are adapted to operate as ferroelectric field-effect transistors (“FeFETs”), thereby providing a very high-speed, high-density memory array.

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes a first semiconductor die having first memory circuits and a second semiconductor die having second memory circuits, the second memory circuits having a write latency shorter than that of the first memory circuits. The first semiconductor die and the second semiconductor die are interconnected by interconnections formed by wafer-level or chip-level bonding between the first and second semiconductor dies. The second semiconductor die includes an on-chip control circuit that controls operations of the first memory circuits and the second memory circuits to transfer data between the first memory circuits and the second memory circuits.

Abstract: A memory structure including a storage transistor having a data storage storage region, a gate terminal, a first drain or source terminal, and a second drain or source terminal, the storage transistor being configurable to have a threshold voltage that is representative of data stored in the data storage region; a word line electrically connected to the gate terminal, configured to provide a control voltage during a read operation; a bit line electrically connecting the first drain or source terminal to data detection circuitry; and a source line electrically connected to the second drain or source terminal, configured to provide a capacitance sufficient to sustain at least a predetermined voltage difference between the second drain or source terminal and the gate terminal during the read operation.

Abstract: A memory structure including three-dimensional NOR memory strings and method of operation is disclosed. In some embodiments, the memory device implements partial polarization to provide a reference signal for read operation. The reference signal realizes a third logical state distinguishable from the first and second logical stages in the ferroelectric memory transistor, such as associated with the program and erase states. In another embodiment, the memory device provides a reference signal for read operation by averaging a first signal associated with a program state and a second signal associated with an erased state of the ferroelectric memory transistor. In some embodiments, the memory device implements one or more partial polarization states to provide a multi-level memory cell with more than one logical bit stored in each memory cell.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a 3-D NOR memory array provides thin-film storage transistors of each NOR memory string in either shafts or portions of a trench between adjacent shafts.

Abstract: An electronic device with embedded access to a high-bandwidth, high-capacity fast-access memory includes (a) a memory circuit fabricated on a first semiconductor die, wherein the memory circuit includes numerous modular memory units, each modular memory unit having at least a three-dimensional array of storage transistors, and (b) a logic circuit fabricated on a second semiconductor die, wherein the logic circuit includes numerous modular memory support circuits. The first and second semiconductor dies are electrically connected by bonding pads formed on each semiconductor die. The three-dimensional array of storage transistors may be formed by NOR memory strings.

Abstract: A first circuit formed on a first semiconductor substrate is wafer-bonded to a second circuit formed on a second memory circuit, wherein the first circuit includes quasi-volatile or non-volatile memory circuits and wherein the second memory circuit includes fast memory circuits that have lower read latencies than the quasi-volatile or non-volatile memory circuits, as well as logic circuits. The volatile and non-volatile memory circuits may include static random-access memory (SRAM) circuits, dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) circuits, embedded DRAM (eDRAM) circuits, magnetic random-access memory (MRAM) circuits, embedded MRAM (eMRAM), or any suitable combination of these circuits.

Abstract: An electronic device with embedded access to a high-bandwidth, high-capacity fast-access memory includes (a) a memory circuit fabricated on a first semiconductor die, wherein the memory circuit includes numerous modular memory units, each modular memory unit having (i) a three-dimensional array of storage transistors, and (ii) a group of conductors exposed to a surface of the first semiconductor die, the group of conductors being configured for communicating control, address and data signals associated the memory unit; and (b) a logic circuit fabricated on a second semiconductor die, wherein the logic circuit also includes conductors each exposed at a surface of the second semiconductor die, wherein the first and second semiconductor dies are wafer-bonded, such that the conductors exposed at the surface of the first semiconductor die are each electrically connected to a corresponding one of the conductors exposed to the surface of the second semiconductor die.

Abstract: A memory structure includes storage transistors organized as horizontal NOR memory strings where the storage transistors are thin-film ferroelectric field-effect transistors (FeFETs) having a ferroelectric gate dielectric layer formed adjacent an oxide semiconductor channel region. The ferroelectric storage transistors thus formed are junctionless transistors having no p/n junction in the channel. In some embodiments, the ferroelectric storage transistors in each NOR memory string share a common source line and a common bit line, the common source line and the common bit line formed on a first side of the channel region and the ferroelectric gate dielectric layer and in electrical contact with the oxide semiconductor channel region. The ferroelectric storage transistors in a NOR memory string are controlled by individual control gate electrodes formed on a second side, opposite the first side, of the ferroelectric gate dielectric layer.

Abstract: A quasi-volatile memory (QV memory) stack includes at least one semiconductor die, having formed thereon QV memory circuits, bonded to a second semiconductor on which a memory controller for the QV memory (“QV memory controller”) is formed. The circuits in the bonded semiconductor dies are electrically connected using numerous copper interconnect conductors and conductive through-silicon vias (TSVs). The QV memory controller may include one or more interfaces to additional devices (“back-channel devices”) to enable the QV memory controller to also serve as a controller for each back-channel device and to provide additional services. The QV memory controller performs data transfers between a back-channel device and the QV memory without intervention by the host CPU.

Abstract: A memory circuit includes: (i) a semiconductor substrate having a planar surface, the semiconductor substrate having formed therein circuitry for memory operations; (ii) a memory array formed above the planar surface, the memory array having one or more electrodes to memory circuits in the memory array, the conductors each extending along a direction substantially parallel to the planar surface; and (iii) one or more transistors each formed above, alongside or below a corresponding one of the electrodes but above the planar surface of the semiconductor substrate, each transistor (a) having first and second drain/source region and a gate region each formed out of a semiconductor material, wherein the first drain/source region, the second drain/source region or the gate region has formed thereon a metal silicide layer; and (b) selectively connecting the corresponding electrode to the circuitry for memory operations.

Abstract: Multi-gate NOR flash thin-film transistor (TFT) string arrays (“multi-gate NOR string arrays”) are organized as stacks of horizontal active strips running parallel to the surface of a silicon substrate, with the TFTs in each stack being controlled by vertical local word-lines provided along one or both sidewalls of the stack of active strips. Each active strip includes at least a channel layer formed between two shared source or drain layers. Data storage in the TFTs of an active strip is provided by charge-storage elements provided between the active strip and the control gates provided by the adjacent local word-lines. Each active strip may provide TFTs that belong to one or two NOR strings, depending on whether one or both sides of the active strip are used.

Abstract: Various methods overcome the limitations and achieve superior scaling by (i) replacing a single highly challenging high aspect ratio etch step with two or more etch steps of less challenging aspect ratios and which involve wider and more mechanically stable active strips, (ii) using dielectric pillars for support and to maintain structural stability during a high aspect ratio etch step and subsequent processing steps, or (iii) using multiple masking steps to provide two or more etch steps of less challenging aspect ratios and which involve wider and more mechanically stable active strips.

Abstract: A memory circuit includes: (i) a semiconductor substrate having a planar surface, the semiconductor substrate having formed therein circuitry for memory operations; (ii) a memory array formed above the planar surface, the memory array having one or more electrodes to memory circuits in the memory array, the conductors each extending along a direction substantially parallel to the planar surface; and (iii) one or more transistors each formed above, alongside or below a corresponding one of the electrodes but above the planar surface of the semiconductor substrate, each transistor (a) having first and second drain/source region and a gate region each formed out of a semiconductor material, wherein the first drain/source region, the second drain/source region or the gate region has formed thereon a metal silicide layer; and (b) selectively connecting the corresponding electrode to the circuitry for memory operations.

Abstract: Multi-gate NOR flash thin-film transistor (TFT) string arrays (“multi-gate NOR string arrays”) are organized as stacks of horizontal active strips running parallel to the surface of a silicon substrate, with the TFTs in each stack being controlled by vertical local word-lines provided along one or both sidewalls of the stack of active strips. Each active strip includes at least a channel layer formed between two shared source or drain layers. Data storage in the TFTs of an active strip is provided by charge-storage elements provided between the active strip and the control gates provided by the adjacent local word-lines. Each active strip may provide TFTs that belong to one or two NOR strings, depending on whether one or both sides of the active strip are used.

Abstract: Various methods overcome the limitations and achieve superior scaling by (i) replacing a single highly challenging high aspect ratio etch step with two or more etch steps of less challenging aspect ratios and which involve wider and more mechanically stable active strips, (ii) using dielectric pillars for support and to maintain structural stability during a high aspect ratio etch step and subsequent processing steps, or (iii) using multiple masking steps to provide two or more etch steps of less challenging aspect ratios and which involve wider and more mechanically stable active strips.