Abstract: A sorter is provided for sorting unacceptable agricultural products or foreign objects from acceptable ones. Preferably, the sorter is a monochromatic one performed as the products pass in streams past an illuminated viewing station. The view station includes a plurality of aligned optical sensors. The optical sensors sense the reflected light from the stream of product passing the optical station and form electrical signals indicative of the sensed light. The electrical signals are then processed and the product is accepted or rejected based on its optical characteristics. The sorter may illuminate the product stream with a source capable of generating a visible light spectra or with a source capable of generating a near-infrared spectra. Each illumination source having specific mounting sockets in the sorter. Additionally, the sorter is capable of operating a near-IR source at a significantly reduced voltage whereby the working life of the source is greatly extended.

Abstract: Viewer apparatus for object sorting machines and illumination system for such viewers, the viewer in one embodiment having a housing with a viewing device and a light source mounted therein and an opening through which objects to be sorted pass, with one or more reflectors disposed in the housing to reflect light onto portions of the object.

Abstract: A bichromatic product sorter is disclosed which uses both pattern checking and ratio checking of reflected light, indicating the color of the product, to determine the acceptability of the product. The ratio checking compares the two color components with each other against a dark background. The sorter can perform pattern checking, ratio checking, or a combination of both on the product. A number of individual channels are combined on the sorter to reduce the space and electronics required to provide a given throughput. The electronics are multiplexed to reduce the required number of components. The viewing chambers are shaped to allow improved space utilization in the classification area, reducing the total amount of space required for multiple channel operation.

Abstract: A sorter is provided for sorting unacceptable agricultural products from acceptable ones. The sorter is preferably a monochromatic one performed as the products pass in streams past an illuminated viewing station. The view station includes a plurality of optical stations, each composed of a plurality of aligned optical sensors. The optical sensors sense the reflected light from the stream of product passing the optical station and form electrical signals indicative of the sensed light. The electrical signals from the sensors in individual optical stations are sequentially sampled or multiplexed at a rate which permits the product to pass through the viewing station at an increased volume, rather than in serial fashion, increasing the productivity of the sorting operation. Unacceptable products are ejected as they are sensed. The ejected product stream is subjected to a second sort to increase sort accuracy.

Abstract: A bichromatic sorter for agricultural products such as coffee beans, peanuts, beans and other types of agricultural products is provided to sort and reject undesired product based on color characteristics of the product in at least two component colors. Problems of synchronization between component color signals are overcome by the optical scanning portion of the sorter. The complexity of the electronics portion of the sorter is materially reduced by multiplexing or time sharing certain functions the electronics must perform.

Abstract: An apparatus for sorting articles based upon the presence of defects on the surface thereof is characterized by a roller conveyor carrying a random array of articles in transverse channels defined between adjacent rollers. As the conveyor is advanced through a viewed area the articles are simultaneously rotated such that electrical images are formed of the portions of the surface of each article within a viewing zone defined in each channel during a given time frame. The viewing zones advance a predetermined distance through the viewed are in synchronization with the scanning of the electrical images. A characteristic signal for the portion of the electrical image corresponding to each article is developed and output to a processor. The processor generates a classification signal representative of the acceptability of each article based upon the percentage of total surface of area or number of defects on the surface each article.

Abstract: A sorting apparatus for sorting articles randomly disposed across a wide path is characterized by a plurality of side-by-side viewer elements each assigned a corresponding side-by-side sector of an illuminated viewed area through which the articles to be sorted pass. Electrical signals indicative of the instantaneous average value of light reflected from articles at two predetermined wavelengths as those articles pass through a sector of the viewed area are multiplexed and a classification signal functionally related to the ratio of the two signals is determined. The classification signal is compared to a reference signal indicative of an article having a predetermined physical characteristic, and a reject signal is generated if the compared signals differ by a predetermined amount. The reject signal is stored in an assigned memory location corresponding to the sector of the viewed area through which the article passed.

Abstract: Apparatus for sorting a random stream of articles moving along a wide path in a product flow according to their color. When an article having an unacceptable color is detected, a signal is generated to activate an ejector to remove the unacceptable article from the product flow. Apparatus according to the present invention is especially suitable for use in the field, in combination with harvesting apparatus, for sorting ripe produce such as tomatoes from unripe produce and other unwanted articles, all of which conveniently may be delivered to the apparatus randomly disposed on a conveyor belt. As the articles are discharged from the conveyor belt, they are viewed by a bichromatic color sensing system which generates one or more reject signals in response to each unacceptably colored article. The reject signals activate corresponding ejectors at the proper time to divert the unacceptable articles from the product flow.