Abstract: A vehicle includes a vehicle mass estimator circuit. The vehicle mass estimator circuit is configurable to estimate a mass of vehicle during real-time operation of the vehicle without employing a scale or dedicated mass sensing system. The vehicle mass estimator circuit generates the vehicle mass Mv from: (1) an estimated torque or sensed torque, (2) an estimated motor angular velocity or sensed motor angular velocity, and (3) sensed acceleration or without any sensed acceleration. In one embodiment, the vehicle mass estimator circuit senses motor current during vehicle operation and estimates a mass of the vehicle using the motor current without any dedicated acceleration sensor such as an accelerometer. A motor angular velocity is estimated from the motor current. In another embodiment, the vehicle mass estimator circuit senses motor current during vehicle operation and estimates a mass of the vehicle using the motor current and acceleration information provided by an accelerometer.

Abstract: A controller generates a target motor torque and target accessory power information during operation of an electric vehicle. The target motor torque and target accessory power information maintain a DC-link of the electric vehicle powertrain within a safe DC-link operating range. The DC-link has a DC-link voltage that is used to supply an accessory device and a motor. The accessory device is disposed on the electric vehicle and includes vehicle indictors, hydraulics, or any other accessory involved in the operation of the vehicle. The motor drives the vehicle. The controller receives the DC-link voltage, motor speed, desired output torque information, desired accessory power information, and the safe DC-link operating range and generates therefrom the target motor torque and the target accessory power information.

Abstract: Pre-loading drivetrain to minimize electric vehicle rollback and increase drive responsiveness. In an exemplary embodiment, a method includes (a) detecting that an electric vehicle is stationary, a brake is engaged, and an accelerator is not engaged, and (b) controlling a vehicle motor to transition from a first mode to a second mode in response to (a). In the first mode, the motor is controlled to output torque in response to the accelerator position, and in the second mode, the motor is controlled to output torque sufficient to preload the electric vehicle. The method also includes (c) detecting the brake is transitioning away from being engaged and the accelerator is not engaged, and (d) controlling the motor to operate in a third mode in response to (c). In the third mode the motor is controlled to output torque sufficient to maintain the electric vehicle stationary.

Abstract: A system comprises a plurality of power converters, a plurality of energy storage systems, a first common node, a second common node, and zero-reference voltage node. Each power converter is coupled between one energy storage system and the first and second common nodes. The system operates to regulate power between the power converters and the first and second common nodes. Each power converter is a bi-directional power converter and each energy storage system is a battery pack. In one example, the first common node is regulated to a voltage VSPAN, and the second common node is regulated to a voltage VSCN which is the mean of all voltages output by the battery packs. In another example, the first common node is regulated to a voltage ?VSPAN, and the second common node is regulated to a voltage +VSPAN. No power converter processes more than voltage VSPAN yielding high-efficiency power conversion.