Abstract: The present invention provides methods for quantitative data normalisation, and/or ascertaining levels of transcription in cells, organisms, viruses, and the like. The methods can be used in numerous applications including, but not limited to, determining transcriptional upregulation and downregulation, identifying transcriptional perturbation, determining viability/death, and assessing responses to treatment with agents (e.g. resistance or sensitivity to drugs).

Abstract: A combined beverage lid plug and bookmark is disclosed. The beverage lid plug and bookmark has an elongated bookmark section, a plug section configured to be received into an opening in a beverage container lid, and a flexible bookmark tab. The beverage lid plug and bookmark has a banner section for display of desired advertising.

Abstract: Commercial spandex can be prepared with greater efficiency, improved consistency and at lower costs from a high-solids content polyurethaneurea polymer solution. The polyurethaneurea is prepared using a combination of 4,4?-MDI and 2,4?-MDI, and an amount of chain extenders and chain terminators such that the polymer solution, prior to spinning, is highly soluble and has an appropriate pre-spun IV and primary amine content. Such spandex fibers, and the fabrics and garments comprising them, have good dyeability and colorfastness, as well as other desirable characteristics.

Abstract: Circular knit, elastic fabrics of at least one of single jersey, French terry, and fleece are disclosed that include a bare elastomeric material plated with spun and/or continuous filament hard yarns. The circular knit, elastic fabrics of at least one of single jersey, French terry, and fleece are manufactured by a method that does not require a dry heat setting step. The method requires drafting the bare elastomeric material no more than about 2.5× its original length when knitting to form the circular knit, elastic fabrics of at least one of single jersey, French terry, and fleece.

Abstract: Circular-knit, elastic, single-knit jersey fabric, of spun and/or continuous filament hard yarns with bare spandex plated in every course, has a cover factor in the range of 1.3 to 1.9, a basis weight from 140 to 240 g/m2, an elongation of 60% or more and low shrinkage. The circular knit, single-knit jersey fabric is produced by maintaining the draft of the spandex at or below 2× (100% elongation) and maintaining the finishing and drying temperature(s) below the spandex heat set temperature. The knit fabric meets the end-use specifications without heat setting.

Abstract: Calcium silicate treated with an acid can be used as a polymerization catalyst or as a deodorizing agent. The acid is sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or nitric acid.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon feedstock containing at least one paraffin hydrocarbon and an odor-causing impurity is deodorized by contact with a deodorizing agent. The deodorizing agent is a mixture of nickel oxide and a rare earth metal oxide and the odor-causing impurity is from the group consisting of sulfides, mercaptans, olefins, and oxygenated olefins. The feedstock is contacted with the deodorizing agent at a temperature not exceeding 150.degree. C.

Abstract: Calcium silicate treated with an acid can be used as a polymerization catalyst or as a deodorizing agent. The acid is sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or nitric acid.