Abstract: The invention relates to an intelligent network element for optical networks, comprising: at least one back-plane with a plurality of electrical transmission lines running across the back-plane and a plurality of electrical terminals connected to the transmission lines; a plurality of line-card slices having electrical terminals, each line-card slice being attached to the back-plane directly or in the form of a plug-in module such, that the electrical terminals of the line-card slice are electrically connected to selected ones of the terminals of the back-plane, with at least one of the line-card slices comprising at least one optical receiver for receiving of optical signals from the network and at least one opto-electrical converter integrated in or optically connected to the optical receiver with electrical terminals, and at least one of the line-card slices comprising at least one optical transmitter for transmitting of optical signals to the network and at least one electro-optical converter integrate

Abstract: There is provided an optical network element for use in a node of an optical network including a plurality of nodes which are interconnected so as to be capable of carrying traffic between selected nodes, comprising a local network management system including means for building up a supervisory connection between the network element and at least a network element of a further node of the optical network. The local network management system is installed to support an arbitrary network topology and to build up a survivable supervisory connection to at least one predetermined other node of the network so as the network element could be integrated in an optical network with arbitrary topology. An optical network and a method of providing a supervisory network are also provided.

Abstract: There is provided a network management system and a method of managing a network, especially an optical network, that includes a plurality of nodes that are interconnected in an arbitrary topology so as to be capable of carrying traffic between selected nodes.

Abstract: The invention relates to an intelligent network element for optical networks, comprising:

Abstract: An economical and environmentally safe method for synthesizing wide-pore aluminophosphate crystalline molecular sieves primarily involves inorganic synthesis requiring no structure-directing organic templates. In addition to aluminium and phosphate, further components selected from group IV of the periodic table of elements can be added to synthesize multi-component phosphate molecular sieves such as germano-silico-alumino-phosphate crystalline structures.