Abstract: The freezing desalination module includes a pair of desalination units coupled to a pair of refrigeration units. A pre-cooling tank and a freezing tank is disposed in each desalination unit. A feed line, a desalinated line, and a brine line are coupled to the freezing desalination module to respectively enable feeding of raw feed water (RFW) through the module, collect desalinated water, and remove brine/ice wash for further processing. The RFW in the pre-cooling tank is pre-cooled by a pair of heat exchangers, through which flows cooler desalinated water and the brine/ice wash, respectively. The freezing tank of both desalination units are in communication with the refrigeration units so that as one freezing tank performs freezing, the other is melting. A perforated plate divides each freezing tank into an upper chamber where freezing desalination process occurs and a lower chamber where brine/ice wash collect and feed through the pre-cooling tank.

Abstract: Novel allylthiodiphenyl ether compounds exhibit excellent herbicidal activity against broadleaf weeds while leaving crops such as corn, wheat, rice and soybeans unaffected. Preparation and herbicidal activity of the compounds is disclosed and exemplified.