Abstract: Ink refill systems are disclosed. In general, an ink source comprising a saturated zone and a tubarc porous microstructure for conducting ink from the saturated zone to an unsaturated zone are provided. The ink can be delivered from the saturated zone to the unsaturated zone through the tubarc porous microstructure, thereby permitting the ink to be harnessed for ink writing and/or printing through the unsaturated hydrodynamic flow of the ink from one zone of saturation or unsaturation to another.

Abstract: Irrigation and drainage systems are disclosed, including a saturated zone and at least one pipe in communication with the saturated zone. The pipe(s) can be configured to comprise a tubarc porous microstructure for conducting water from the saturated zone to an unsaturated zone in order to drain the water from the saturated zone. The water can be delivered from the saturated zone to the unsaturated zone through the tubarc porous microstructure, thereby permitting the water to be harnessed for irrigation or drainage through the hydrodynamic movement of the water from one zone of saturation or unsaturation to another.

Abstract: Methods and systems for exchanging energy reversibly between inertial and rotating forces with a masstubarc flow siphon by non-partitioning mass flow movement are disclosed. Energy can be exchanged reversibly between inertial and rotating forces utilizing a specific geometric design that preserves longitudinal molecular connectivity. A reversible masstubarc flow siphon can be configured as a symmetric interface for the contention of mass as linear in an inertial force zone and as arc in a rotating force zone. The arc section reversibly and gradually transfers the energy between linear and rotating motions. A geometric design allows a reversible masstubarc flow siphon to function like a rotating pump that adds kinetic and/or mechanic energy to the mass. If the device changes its rotating direction, the mass flow can also change direction, thereby reversibly moving the mass.

Abstract: Ink refill systems are disclosed. In general, an ink source comprising a saturated zone and a tubarc porous microstructure for conducting ink from the saturated zone to an unsaturated zone are provided. The ink can be delivered from the saturated zone to the unsaturated zone through the tubarc porous microstructure, thereby permitting the ink to be harnessed for ink writing and/or printing through the unsaturated hydrodynamic flow of the ink from one zone of saturation or unsaturation to another.

Abstract: Irrigation and drainage systems are disclosed, including a saturated zone and at least one pipe in communication with the saturated zone. The pipe(s) can be configured to comprise a tubarc porous microstructure for conducting water from the saturated zone to an unsaturated zone in order to drain the water from the saturated zone. The water can be delivered from the saturated zone to the unsaturated zone through the tubarc porous microstructure, thereby permitting the water to be harnessed for irrigation or drainage through the hydrodynamic movement of the water from one zone of saturation or unsaturation to another.

Abstract: A method and system for harnessing an unsaturated flow of fluid utilizing a reversible unsaturated siphon conductor of fluid having a tubarc porous microstructure. Fluid is conducted from a zone of higher (+) fluid matric potential to a zone of lower (−) fluid matric potential utilizing a tubarc porous microstructure. The fluid can be reversibly transported from different zones bearing a differential fluid matric potential according to the status of the fluid matric potential in each zone utilizing the tubarc porous microstructure. The tubarc porous microstructure comprises an enhanced geometric porosity. In this manner, the fluid can be harnessed for irrigation, drainage, filtration, fluid recharging and other fluid delivery uses, such as refilling writing and printing instruments.

Abstract: A method and system for harnessing an unsaturated flow of fluid utilizing a reversible unsaturated siphon conductor of fluid having a tubarc porous microstructure. Fluid is conducted from a zone of higher (+) fluid matric potential to a zone of lower (−) fluid matric potential utilizing a tubarc porous microstructure. The fluid can be delivered constantly with any fluid matric potential aimed at self-sustaining features and high control in the unsaturated flow, which is particularly important to small flow rate requirements. The fluid can be reversibly transported from different zones bearing a differential fluid matric potential according to the status of the fluid matric potential in each zone utilizing the tubarc porous microstructure.