Abstract: A method of training an image classification neural network comprises: presenting a first plurality of images to an observer as a visual stimulus, while collecting neurophysiological signals from a brain of the observer; processing the neurophysiological signals to identify a neurophysiological event indicative of a detection of a target by the observer in at least one image of the first plurality of images; training the image classification neural network to identify the target in the image, based on the identification of the neurophysiological event; and storing the trained image classification neural network in a computer-readable storage medium.