Abstract: A container is positioned on an electrically insulated support and pierced by a spring actuated piercing device while a stream of gas flows adjacent the support.

Abstract: A device for piercing a container comprises a first block and a second block spaced apart by electrical insulators and provided with gas flow between the blocks to prevent fouling of the insulators. A pair of stops and a jaw are mounted atop one of the blocks for positioning the container to be pierced. A piercer is mounted to the device to pierce the sidewall of the container held between the jaw and stops. The piercer rebounds to a withdrawn position to avoid spray from the pierced container. The device is especially useful in measuring static charge generated by the rapid discharge of a pressurized container.

Abstract: A container is positioned on an electrically insulated support and pierced by a spring actuated piercing device while a stream of gas flows adjacent the support.

Abstract: A container is positioned on an electrically insulated support and pierced by a spring actuated piercing device while a stream of gas flows adjacent the support.

Abstract: The removal of undesired constituents or impurities from solids, preferably introduced and removed as a slurry, is effected by counter-current flow of the solids and a washing agent introduced into a washing zone where at least a portion of the washing agent is introduced at a point intermediate the introduction of the solids or slurry and the point of introduction to the zone of the initial washing agent. By controlling the temperature of the washing agent, the plural introduction creates a plurality of temperature interfaces within the washing zone, thus increasing efficiency by, in effect, increasing the number of washing or extraction stages present in the zone. In one embodiment a slurry of polyolefin or polymer, e.g. polypropylene, is washed with a solvent, e.g., substantially pure propylene liquid.

Abstract: Solid comminuted catalytic materials are activated by passing an activating stream through a shallow deposit of such materials on a porous substrate, characterized in that the catalyst particles are in a quiescent state during contact with the activating stream.

Abstract: Solid comminuted catalytic materials are activated by passing an activating stream through a shallow deposit of such materials on a porous substrate, characterized in that the catalyst particles are in a quiescent state during contact with the activating stream.