Abstract: Examples of modular intermedullary nails are described. In one case, a modular intermedullary nail includes a proximal end component, a distal end component and a modular component. The modular component includes a piezoelectric segment to generate an electric charge based on mechanical stress applied to the modular intermedullary nail. A proximal connector connects the modular component to the proximal end component, and a distal connector connects the modular component to the distal end component. The intermedullary nail further includes at least one electrode to electrically couple the electric charge to facilitate bone regrowth.

Abstract: The present application relates to stacked piezoelectric energy harvesters that include compliant layers between piezoelectric layers. The energy harvesters are useful in various structures and devices, including tissue-stimulating implants, such as spinal fusion implants. The present application also relates to methods of increasing the power output of a piezoelectric energy harvester through the inclusion of compliant layers.