Abstract: The system for operating and monitoring a well for extracting or storing an operating fluid, such as natural gas, comprises a production column in which the operating fluid flows, a protective casing arranged around the production column, and a cement sheath interposed between the casing and a rock formation through which the well extends. The system further comprises, outside the casing, between the casing and the cement sheath, a series of electronic units distributed in predetermined positions in a succession of planes perpendicular to the casing and spaced apart axially along the casing. Each electronic unit comprises communication means enabling the electronic unit to communicate with another electronic unit or with a surface terminal, a power supply unit of the electronic unit, and at least one of the following elements: a) a detector unit comprising at least one sensor for sensing a physical or chemical magnitude, and b) a signal processor unit.