Abstract: Water generation systems and methods of generating water from air are disclosed herein. Systems for generating water from air can comprise a solar thermal unit comprising a hygroscopic material, composite or assembly configured to capture water vapor from air during a loading cycle and release water vapor to a working fluid during an unloading cycle. Water generation systems can further include a condenser for condensing water vapor from the working fluid to produce water. Methods for generating water from air disclosed herein can comprise receiving a system operational parameter from a loading and/or unloading cycle. Methods of operation can also include determining a loading and/or unloading system operational setpoint based on the system operational parameter. During a loading cycle, the method includes flowing ambient air through the hygroscopic material, composite or assembly to capture water vapor from air.

Abstract: Water generation systems and methods of generating water from air are disclosed herein. Systems for generating water from air can comprise a solar thermal unit comprising a hygroscopic material, composite or assembly configured to capture water vapor from air during a loading cycle and release water vapor to a working fluid during an unloading cycle. Water generation systems can further include a condenser for condensing water vapor from the working fluid to produce water. Methods for generating water from air disclosed herein can comprise receiving a system operational parameter from a loading and/or unloading cycle. Methods of operation can also include determining a loading and/or unloading system operational setpoint based on the system operational parameter. During a loading cycle, the method includes flowing ambient air through the hygroscopic material, composite or assembly to capture water vapor from air.

Abstract: A cancer treatment apparatus has a neutron source generating neutrons exiting through a surface of a moderator block and an elongated beam-shaping apparatus (BSA) having a length and a circular cross section of a diameter less than the length, the BSA joined at one end to and projecting orthogonally from the surface of the moderator block of the neutron source, the BSA having a conically shaped element at an end away from the moderator block, the conically shaped element declining in diameter in a direction away from the moderator block. Neutrons produced by the neutron source enter the BSA at the surface of the moderator block, travel the length of the BSA, and exit the BSA through an aperture at the end of the BSA away from the moderator block.

Abstract: A neutron generator has a neutron source generating an ion beam bombarding a Titanium target having a first diameter, the target embedded in a pre-moderator, emitting fast neutrons isotropically, a portion of the fast neutrons moderated in passing through the pre-moderator and exiting through a lowermost surface of the pre-moderator, and a plate of moderating material abutting the lowermost surface of the pre-moderator, the plate having an opening therethrough in a shape of a truncated cone with an axis aligning with direction of the ion beam, a depth, a major diameter of at the upper surface of the plate and a minor diameter at the lower surface of the plate, the opening forming a funnel through which neutrons pass. Neutrons enter the funnel and are to exit through the minor diameter of the funnel, providing a neutron beam with a spot size useful for neutron radiography.

Abstract: A treatment system for evaluating boron sources for boron neutron cancer therapy (BNCT) has a substantially square secondary moderator having a central treatment chamber for a subject; and four substantially identical neutron generators positioned around the substantially square secondary moderator with the axis of each acceleration chamber passing through the center of the treatment chamber.

Abstract: A Boron neutron cancer treatment system has a secondary moderator having a central treatment chamber for a subject, and eight substantially identical neutron generators, each comprising a pre-moderator block. The eight neutron generators are positioned around the secondary moderator with the axis of each acceleration chamber passing through the center of the treatment chamber, and with the angled sides of the neutron generators fully adjacent.

Abstract: A Boron neutron cancer treatment system has a central treatment chamber for a subject, with six substantially identical neutron generators each having an acceleration chamber, the generators positioned around a secondary moderator with the axis of each acceleration chamber passing through center of the treatment chamber, and with angled sides of the neutron generators fully adjacent.

Abstract: A Boron neutron cancer treatment system has a moderator chamber filled with liquid or granular moderator material except for a central treatment chamber, the moderator chamber having parallel upper and lower surfaces, and a plurality of modular neutron generators fully immersed in the liquid or granular moderator material of the moderator chamber.

Abstract: A Boron neutron cancer treatment system has a secondary moderator having a central treatment chamber for a subject, and eight substantially identical neutron generators, each comprising a pre-moderator block. The eight neutron generators are positioned around the secondary moderator with the axis of each acceleration chamber passing through the center of the treatment chamber, and with the angled sides of the neutron generators fully adjacent.

Abstract: A Boron neutron cancer treatment system has a secondary moderator having a central treatment chamber, and several generators, each comprising a pre-moderator block, an acceleration chamber, a vacuum pump engaging the acceleration chamber at a right angle, a plasma ion chamber opening into the acceleration chamber, a gas source providing deuterium gas to the plasma ion chamber, a microwave energy source ionizing the gas in the plasma ion chamber, a cylindrical primary isolation well extending into the pre-moderator block, a secondary isolation well surrounding the primary isolation well, and a water-cooled titanium target disk at a lower extremity of the isolation well. The neutron generators are positioned around the secondary moderator with the axis of each acceleration chamber passing through the center of the treatment chamber, and with the angled sides of the neutron generators fully adjacent.

Abstract: A treatment system for evaluating boron sources for boron neutron cancer therapy (BNCT) has a substantially square secondary moderator having a central treatment chamber for a subject; and four substantially identical neutron generators positioned around the substantially square secondary moderator with the axis of each acceleration chamber passing through the center of the treatment chamber.

Abstract: A Boron neutron cancer treatment system has a moderator chamber filled with liquid or granular moderator material except for a central treatment chamber, the moderator chamber having parallel upper and lower surfaces, and a plurality of modular neutron generators fully immersed in the liquid or granular moderator material of the moderator chamber.

Abstract: A Boron neutron cancer treatment system has a central treatment chamber for a subject, with six substantially identical neutron generators each having an acceleration chamber, the generators positioned around a secondary moderator with the axis of each acceleration chamber passing through center of the treatment chamber, and with angled sides of the neutron generators fully adjacent.

Abstract: A neutron generator has a pre-moderator block of moderating material, an acceleration chamber, a vacuum pump evacuating the acceleration chamber to a moderately high vacuum, a plasma ion chamber opening into the acceleration chamber through an ion extraction iris, a gas source providing deuterium gas to the plasma ion chamber, a microwave energy source ionizing the gas in the plasma ion chamber, a primary and a secondary isolation well extending into the pre-moderator block, a water-cooled titanium target disk positioned at a lower extremity of the primary isolation well, the target disk biased to a substantial negative DC voltage, and electrically grounded metal cladding covering surfaces of the pre-moderator block. Ions extracted through the ion extraction iris are accelerated to bombard the titanium target producing energetic neutrons that pass through and are moderated by the pre-moderator block.

Abstract: A Boron neutron cancer treatment system has a secondary moderator having a central treatment chamber, and several generators, each comprising a pre-moderator block, an acceleration chamber, a vacuum pump engaging the acceleration chamber at a right angle, a plasma ion chamber opening into the acceleration chamber, a gas source providing deuterium gas to the plasma ion chamber, a microwave energy source ionizing the gas in the plasma ion chamber, a cylindrical primary isolation well extending into the pre-moderator block, a secondary isolation well surrounding the primary isolation well, and a water-cooled titanium target disk at a lower extremity of the isolation well. The neutron generators are positioned around the secondary moderator with the axis of each acceleration chamber passing through the center of the treatment chamber, and with the angled sides of the neutron generators fully adjacent.

Abstract: A neutron generator has a pre-moderator block of moderating material, an acceleration chamber, a vacuum pump evacuating the acceleration chamber to a moderately high vacuum, a plasma ion chamber opening into the acceleration chamber through an ion extraction iris, a gas source providing deuterium gas to the plasma ion chamber, a microwave energy source ionizing the gas in the plasma ion chamber, a primary and a secondary isolation well extending into the pre-moderator block, a water-cooled titanium target disk positioned at a lower extremity of the primary isolation well, the target disk biased to a substantial negative DC voltage, and electrically grounded metal cladding covering surfaces of the pre-moderator block. Ions extracted through the ion extraction iris are accelerated to bombard the titanium target producing energetic neutrons that pass through and are moderated by the pre-moderator block.

Abstract: A contingent convertible debt instrument contains a provision permitting conversion only if any of certain economically substantial contingencies is satisfied. For example there may be a provision that conversion is permitted only if the issuer's stock price reaches some price, defined as some predetermined price substantially higher than the conversion price, is reached. This contingent conversion trigger price may be 110% or 120% more of the conversion price. The debt instrument may be a negotiable long-term zero-coupon note, and a provision may be included that the number of underlying instruments issuable or deliverable at conversion or exchange is adjusted under certain circumstances (e.g., merger, acquisition, or formulae amounts). Corresponding methods and systems are employed for offering and servicing such financial instruments.

Abstract: A convertible financial instrument provides incentives to holders to keep the instruments outstanding so that issuers maintain flexibility and control over the maturity date of the instrument and the manner in which it is settled. The instrument may provide issuers with the ability to deduct an amount for tax purposes that approximates the true economic cost of the financial instrument. The instrument may contain a provision calling for contingent payments (which may include, for example, contingent interest, preferred distributions, contingent principal, dividends, and other pay-outs) to the holder in some circumstances, which may be based on formulae calculations. For example, this may occur when the trading value of the convertible instrument exceeds a predetermined value such as, for example, a certain percentage of the accreted value of the convertible instrument, or, for example, another circumstance that may trigger a contingent payment may be when the price of another financial instrument (e.g.

Abstract: Systems and methods for offering and servicing financial instruments (101) creates a way for issuers to offer financial instruments (101) that are accretive to earnings regardless of the Price/Earnings ratio. Specifically, the present invention provides systems and methods for offering and servicing convertible or exchangeable contingent conversion financial instruments.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatus, computer program code and means for conducting a transaction are provided. In some embodiments, a unit is issued to a holder including a forward contract and a note, in which the note specifies an initial capped remarketing, at least a first subsequent capped remarketing, and an uncapped remarketing, the uncapped remarketing performed only if each of the capped remarketings fail.