Abstract: A composition, including (A) a medicinal ingredient, (B) a water-insoluble polymer, (C) a non-volatile base, (D) a volatile solvent, and (E) water. The composition has a viscosity at 25° C. of 1.0 mPa·s or more and 10,000 mPa·s or less. The component (A) contains one or more selected from the group consisting of an anti-inflammatory analgesic component, a local irritation component, a blood circulation promoting component, an antihistamine component, a crude drug component, an antipruritic component, a local anesthetic component, a keratin softening component, and an antibacterial component. A mass ratio [(C)/(B)] of the component (C) to the component (B) in the composition is 0.05 or more and 10 or less, and a mass ratio [(E)/(D)] of the component (E) to the component (D) in the composition is 0.005 or more and 1.0 or less.

Abstract: A carbon dioxide separation method including the steps of: feeding a mixed gas that contains at least carbon dioxide and water vapor to a carbon dioxide separation membrane that contains a hydrophilic resin and a carbon dioxide carrier; separating, from the mixed gas, a permeation gas that contains the carbon dioxide by use of the carbon dioxide separation membrane; adjusting temperature of gas which contacts the carbon dioxide separation membrane so that a temperature difference between the mixed gas and the permeation gas is not lower than 0° C. and not higher than 20° C.; and adjusting pressure of the permeation gas, the pressure of the permeation gas and water vapor partial pressure in the mixed gas satisfying the following formula (1): 2.5 kPaA<(pressure of permeation gas)<(water vapor partial pressure in mixed gas) . . . (1).

Abstract: A carbon dioxide separation method including the steps of: feeding a mixed gas that contains at least carbon dioxide and water vapor to a carbon dioxide separation membrane that contains a hydrophilic resin and a carbon dioxide carrier; separating, from the mixed gas, a permeation gas that contains the carbon dioxide by use of the carbon dioxide separation membrane; adjusting temperature of gas which contacts the carbon dioxide separation membrane so that a temperature difference between the mixed gas and the permeation gas is not lower than 0° C. and not higher than 20° C.; and adjusting pressure of the permeation gas, the pressure of the permeation gas and water vapor partial pressure in the mixed gas satisfying the following formula (1): 2.5 kPaA<(pressure of permeation gas)<(water vapor partial pressure in mixed gas) . . . (1).